异常，Map，File

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-01 09:29:45 发布

Wonderful~

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-01 09:29:45 发布

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文章标签： java 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_46372374/article/details/122403632

版权

异常

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Throwable

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throw和throws

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集合使用步骤

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list

public class ListDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Student s1 = new Student("张大帅", 30);
        Student s2 = new Student("林丹", 32);
        Student s3 = new Student("张一位", 25);

        list.add(s1);
        list.add(s2);
        list.add(s3);

        //迭代器：集合特有的遍历方式
        Iterator<Student> it = list.iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Student s = it.next();
            System.out.println(s.getName() + "," + s.getAge());
        }

        //普通for：带有索引的遍历方式
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            Student s = list.get(i);
            System.out.println(s.getName() + "," + s.getAge());
        }

        //增强for：最方便的遍历方式
        for (Student s :list){
            System.out.println(s.getName()+","+s.getAge());
        }

    }
}

运行结果

张大帅,30
林丹,32
张一位,25

Set

哈希值

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TreeSet

(不包含重复元素）

public class TreeSetDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeSet<Integer> treeSet = new TreeSet<>();
        treeSet.add(12);
        treeSet.add(56);
        treeSet.add(14);
        treeSet.add(25);

		treeSet.add(12);
        for (Integer i:treeSet){
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

结果

案列：无参构造
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student类

public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student a) {

        //从小到大排序
        int num = this.age-a.age;
        //年龄相同，按照姓名子母排序
        int num2=num==0?this.name.compareTo(a.name):num;
        return num2;

    }
}
-----------------
public class TreeSetDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeSet<Student> ts = new TreeSet<Student>();
        Student s1 = new Student("haha", 23);
        Student s2 = new Student("than", 26);
        Student s3 = new Student("sasa", 12);
        Student s4 = new Student("haha", 32);
        Student s5 = new Student("haa", 32);

        ts.add(s1);
        ts.add(s2);
        ts.add(s3);
        ts.add(s4);
        ts.add(s5);

        for (Student s:ts){
            System.out.println(s.getName()+","+s.getAge());
        }
    }
}

运行结果

sasa,12
haha,23
than,26
haa,32
haha,32

有参构造
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public class TreeSetDemo_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TreeSet<Student> ts = new TreeSet<>(new Comparator<Student>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
                int num = s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
                int num2 = num == 0 ? s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName()) : num;
                return num2;
            }
        });

        Student s1 = new Student("haha", 23);
        Student s2 = new Student("than", 26);
        Student s3 = new Student("sasa", 12);
        Student s4 = new Student("haha", 32);
        Student s5 = new Student("haa", 32);

        ts.add(s1);
        ts.add(s2);
        ts.add(s3);
        ts.add(s4);
        ts.add(s5);

        for (Student s:ts){
            System.out.println(s.getName()+","+s.getAge());
        }
    }
}

运行结果

sasa,12
haha,23
than,26
haa,32
haha,32

案列：不重复的随机数

（无序）

public class SetDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<Integer> integers = new HashSet<Integer>();

        Random r = new Random();
        while (integers.size()<10){
            int number=r.nextInt(20)+1;
            integers.add(number);
        }

        for (Integer i:integers){
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

运行结果

（有序）

public class SetDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<Integer> integers = new TreeSet<Integer>();
        Random r = new Random();
        while (integers.size()<10){
            int number=r.nextInt(20)+1;
            integers.add(number);
        }

        for (Integer i:integers){
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

运行结果

泛型方法

Generic类

public class Generic<T> {
    public void show(T t){
        System.out.println(t);
    }
}

GenericDemo类

public class GenericDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Generic<String> g1 = new Generic<Sting>();
        g1.show("张森");

        Generic<Integer> g2 = new Generic<Integer>();
        g2.show(30);

        Generic<Boolean> g3 = new Generic<Boolean>();
        g3.show(true);
    }
}

运行结果

张森
30
true

改进版

public class Generic<T> {
    public <T> void show(T t){
        System.out.println(t);
    }
}
-------------------
public class GenericDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Generic g= new Generic();
        g.show("林丹");
        g.show(52);
        g.show(true);
    }
}

类型通配符

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可变参数

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(sum(10,20,30,40));
        System.out.println(sum(10,20,30,40,50));
        System.out.println(sum(10,20,30,40,50,60));
    }

    public static int sum(int... a){
        int sum=0;
        for (int i:a){
            sum+=i;
        }
        return sum;
    }
}

运行结果

100
150
210

注意事项

这里的变量是一个数组
如果一方法有多个参数，包含可变参数，可变参数要放在最后

可变参数使用

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Map

集合的获取

public class MapDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("asd01","张森");
        map.put("asd02","诞生");
        map.put("asd03","科大");

//        System.out.println(map.get("asd01"));
        //获取所有键的集合
        Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();
        for (String key : keySet){
            System.out.println(key);
        }
        **运行结果** 
        asd02
		asd03
		asd01


        //获取所有值的集合
        Collection<String> values = map.values();
        for (String i :values){
            System.out.println(i);
        }
	    **运行结果** 
		诞生
		科大
		张森
    }
}

Map集合遍历

方法一
Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();
        for (String key:keySet){
            System.out.println(key+"，"+ map.get(key));
        }
方法二
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String,String> i:entrySet){
            String key = i.getKey();
            String value = i.getValue();
            System.out.println(key+","+value);

ArrayList嵌套HashMap

public class MapDemo_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> arrayList = new ArrayList<>();
        HashMap<String, String> hm1 = new HashMap<>();
        hm1.put("张飞", "翼德");
        arrayList.add(hm1);

        HashMap<String, String> hm2 = new HashMap<>();
        hm1.put("关羽", "武帝");
        arrayList.add(hm2);

        HashMap<String, String> hm3 = new HashMap<>();
        hm1.put("赵云", "子龙");
        arrayList.add(hm3);

        for (HashMap<String, String> hm : arrayList) {
            Set<String> keySet = hm.keySet();
            for (String key : keySet) {
                String value = hm.get(key);
                System.out.println(key + "," + value);
            }

        }
    }
}
----------------
关羽,武帝
张飞,翼德
赵云,子龙

HashMap嵌套ArrayList

public class HashMap_include_ArrayList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        ArrayList<String> sg = new ArrayList<>();
        sg.add("赵云");
        hashMap.put("三国演义", sg);

        ArrayList<String> sh = new ArrayList<>();
        sh.add("宋江");
        hashMap.put("水浒传", sh);

        ArrayList<String> xy = new ArrayList<>();
        xy.add("孙悟空");
        hashMap.put("西游记", xy);
        Set<String> keySet = hashMap.keySet();
        for (String key:keySet){
            System.out.println(key);
            ArrayList<String> value = hashMap.get(key);
            for (String s :value){
                System.out.println('\t'+s);
            }
        }
    }
}
-----------------------
水浒传
	宋江
三国演义
	赵云
西游记
	孙悟空

案列：统计字符串中每个字符出现的次数

public class MapDemo_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("输入字符串");
        String line = sc.nextLine();

       // HashMap<Character, Integer> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        TreeMap<Character, Integer> hashMap = new TreeMap<>();
        for (int i=0;i<line.length();i++){
            char key = line.charAt(i);

            Integer value = hashMap.get(key);
            if(value==null){
                hashMap.put(key,1);
            }else {
                value++;
                hashMap.put(key,value);
            }
        }
        //进行拼接
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        Set<Character> keySet = hashMap.keySet();
        for (Character key:keySet){
            Integer value = hashMap.get(key);
            sb.append(key).append("(").append(value).append(")");
        }
        String result = sb.toString();
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}
---------------
输入字符串
aassdfg
a(2)d(1)f(1)g(1)s(2)

File

遍历目录

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字节流

实现换行

window:\r\n
linux:\n
mac:\r

追加写入

public FileOutputStream(String name,boolean append)

字节流读数据

 FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("idea_test\\dox.txt");
        int by;
        while ((by=file.read())!=-1){
            System.out.print((char)by);
        }
        file.close();

字节缓冲流

字节缓冲流复制

public class BufferedDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:\\网易云\\梦一场.jpg"));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("idea_test\\梦一场.jpg"));
        byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = bis.read(bys)) != -1) {
            bos.write(bys, 0, len);
        }
        bis.close();
        bos.close();
    }
}

字符串中编码解码

public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
		//编码
        String s ="中国";
        byte[] bytes = s.getBytes("UTF-8");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));
    }
    [-28, -72, -83, -27, -101, -67]
    //解码
    String s ="中国";
        byte[] bytes = s.getBytes("UTF-8");
        String ss=new String(bytes,"UTF-8");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));
        System.out.println(ss);
        [-28, -72, -83, -27, -101, -67]
		中国

字符流

写数据

 public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException {
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("idea_test\\oso.txt"));
        outputStreamWriter.write(97);
        outputStreamWriter.flush();//刷新流可以继续写数据
        outputStreamWriter.close();//关闭流不可以再写数据

    }

读数据

 InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("idea_test\\oso.txt"));
        char[] chars = new char[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStreamReader.read(chars))!=-1){
            System.out.println(new String(chars,0,len));
        }
        inputStreamReader.close();

    }

字符缓冲流

 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("idea_test\\oso.txt"));
        char[] chars = new char[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len= reader.read(chars))!=-1){
            System.out.println(new String(chars,0,len));
        }

字符缓冲流特有功能

void newLine( ); //写一行行分隔符
public String readLine( ); //读一行文字，结果包含行的内容的字符串，不包括任何行终止字符，如果字符流结尾已到达，则为null。

IO流小结

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案例：点名器

public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException {
        BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("idea_test\\name.txt"));
        ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<>();

        String line;

        while ((line=buf.readLine())!=null){
            arrayList.add(line);
        }

        buf.close();
        Random random = new Random();
        int i = random.nextInt(arrayList.size());
        String name = arrayList.get(i);
        System.out.println("幸运者是："+name);
    }
}
-----------------------
幸运者：欧文

复制单级文件夹

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File srcFolder = new File("D:\\wondtest");
        String srcFolderName = srcFolder.getName();

        File destFolder = new File("idea_test", srcFolderName);

        if (!destFolder.exists()){
            destFolder.mkdir();
        }
        File[] listFiles = srcFolder.listFiles();
        for (File srcFile :listFiles){
            String srcFileName = srcFile.getName();
            File destFile = new File(destFolder, srcFileName);
            copyFile(srcFile,destFile);

        }
    }

    private static void copyFile(File srcFile, File destFile)throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(srcFile));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(destFile));
        byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=bis.read(bys))!=-1){
            bos.write(bys,0,len);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();

    }

复制多级文件夹

public class CopyFolderDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File srcFile = new File("D:\\wondtest");
        File destFile = new File("F:\\");
        copyFolder(srcFile,destFile);
    }
    //复制文件夹
    private static void copyFolder(File srcFile, File destFile)throws IOException {
        //判断数据源File是否是目录
        if (srcFile.isDirectory()){
            String srcFileName = srcFile.getName();
            File newFolder = new File(destFile, srcFileName);
            if (!newFolder.exists()){
                newFolder.mkdir();
            }
            File[] fileArray = srcFile.listFiles();
            for (File file:fileArray){
                copyFolder(file,newFolder);
            }
        }else {
            File newFile = new File(destFile, srcFile.getName());
            copyFile(srcFile,newFile);
        }
    }
    //复制文件
    private static void copyFile(File srcFile, File desFile)throws IOException {
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(srcFile));
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(desFile));
        byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=bis.read(bys))!=-1){
            bos.write(bys,0,len);
        }
        bos.close();
        bis.close();
    }
}

序列化和反序列化

在这里插入图片描述

public class Student implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID =42L;
    private String name;
    private transient int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

public class ObjectStreamDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
       write();
       read();

    }
    //反序列化
    private static void read() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        ObjectInputStream inputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("idea_test\\oso.txt"));
        Object object = inputStream.readObject();
        Student s=(Student)object;
        System.out.println(s.getName()+","+s.getAge());
        inputStream.close();
    }
    //序列化
    private static void write() throws IOException{
        ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("idea_test\\oso.txt"));
        Student s = new Student("张达", 12);
        outputStream.writeObject(s);
        outputStream.close();
    }
}