一.目录文件的创建
命令:mkdir
命令格式
mkdir [选项] [目录的名称]
[root@cat7 ~]# mkdir daiv
命令:rm [options] name
-i: 删除前逐一询问确认
-f:即使原档案属性设为唯读,亦直接删除,无需逐一确认
-r:将目录及一下档案逐一删除
1.1 递归创建多个目录
[root@cat7 ~]# mkdir -p abc/bcd/cde
[root@cat7 ~]# ls
1.txt daiv Desktop install.log Pictures Templates
abc daiv-1 Documents install.log.syslog Public test.xt
anaconda-ks.cfg daiv-3 Downloads Music q Videos
[root@cat7 ~]# cd abc
[root@cat7 abc]# ls
bcd
[root@cat7 abc]# cd bcd
[root@cat7 bcd]# ls
cde
[root@cat7 bcd]# cd cde
[root@cat7 cde]# ls
[root@cat7 cde]# pwd
/root/abc/bcd/cde
1.2 创建新目录显示信息
[root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -v daiv-1
mkdir: created directory `daiv-1'
[root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -v daiv-3
mkdir: created directory `daiv-3'
[root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -v daiv-4
mkdir: created directory `daiv-4'
[root@cat7 cde]#
1.3 创建权限为777的目录
[root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -m 777 daiv-5
[root@cat7 cde]# ls -l
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 01:24 daiv-1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 01:24 daiv-3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 01:24 daiv-4
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 01:26 daiv-5
[root@cat7 cde]# [root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -m 777 daiv-3
-bash: [root@cat7: command not found
[root@cat7 cde]# mkdir: cannot create directory `daiv-3': File exists
1.4 删除目录
[root@cat7 ~]# rmdir daiv 只能删除空目录
[root@cat7 ~]# rmdir daiv-1
rmdir: failed to remove `daiv-1': Directory not empty
非空目录不能被删除
1.5 递归删除空目录
[root@cat7 ~]# mkdir -p a1/a2/a3
[root@cat7 ~]# tree a1
a1
└── a2
└── a3
2 directories, 0 files
[root@cat7 ~]# rmdir a1/a2/a3
[root@cat7 ~]# tree a1
a1
└── a2
1 directory, 0 files
[root@cat7 ~]# rmdir -pv a1/a2 p递归 v带有记录
rmdir: removing directory, `a1/a2'
rmdir: removing directory, `a1'
使用组合命令删除目录及目录里面所有文件
[root@cat7 ~]# echo "hahahaha">daiv-3/1.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# cat daiv-3/1.txt
hahahaha
***\*[root@cat7 ~]# rm -rf daiv-3/1.txt\**** ***\*( 谨慎使用)\****
[root@cat7 ~]# ls daiv-3/
2.txt
1.6 删除文件
命令:rm
需要确认是否删除 加上rf不需要
[root@cat7 daiv-3]# cat 2.txt
good
***\*[root@cat7 daiv-3]# rm 2.txt\****
rm: remove regular file `2.txt'? y
[root@cat7 daiv-3]# ls
[root@cat7 daiv-3]#
1.7 无确认删除
命令rm -f
[root@cat7 daiv-3]# cat 1.txt
catseven
***\*[root@cat7 daiv-3]# rm -f 1.txt\****
[root@cat7 daiv-3]# ls
[root@cat7 daiv-3]#
1.8 删除空目录和非空目录
[root@cat7 ~]# tree abc/
abc/
└── bcd
└── cde
├── daiv-1
├── daiv-3
├── daiv-4
└── daiv-5
6 directories, 0 files
[root@cat7 ~]# rm -r abc/bcd/cde/daiv-1
rm: remove directory `abc/bcd/cde/daiv-1'? y
组合命令:删除目录及目录里面的所有文件
[root@cat7 ~]# echo "this is my linux">daiv-3/2.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# cat daiv-3/2.txt
this is my linux
***\*[root@cat7 ~]# rm -rf daiv-3/2.txt\****
[root@cat7 ~]# ls daiv-3/
[root@cat7 ~]#
[root@cat7 ~]# tree abc/
abc/
└── bcd
└── cde
├── daiv-3
│ └── 1.txt
├── daiv-4
│ ├── 2.txt
│ └── 3.txt
└── daiv-5
7 directories, 1 file
[root@cat7 ~]# rm -rf abc/
[root@cat7 ~]# tree abc
abc [error opening dir]
0 directories, 0 files
[root@cat7 ~]# ls
1.txt Desktop install.log Pictures Templates
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents install.log.syslog Public test.xt
daiv-3 Downloads Music q Videos
1.8 创建文件
命令:touch
用于修改文件或者目录的时间属性,包括存取时间和更改时间, 若文件不存在,系统则会建立一个新的文件
语法:
touch [-acfm] [-d<日期时间>] [-r<参考文件或目录>] [-t<日期时间>] [–help] [–version] [文件或者目录]
a;改变档案的读取时间记录
m;改变档案的修改时间记录
c;假如目的档案不存在,不会建立新的档案。-no-create
f;不使用,是为了与其他unix系统的相容性而保留
r;使用参考档的时间记录,与-file的效果一样
d;设定时间与日期,可以使用各种不同的格式
t;设定档案的时间记录,格式与date指令相同
–no-create 不会建立新档案
–help
–version
创建文件的四种方法
1.vi filename
[root@cat7 ~]# vi 2.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# ls
1.txt daiv-3 Downloads Music q Videos
2.txt Desktop install.log Pictures Templates
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents install.log.syslog Public test.xt
2.echo “” >filename.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# echo "listen">22.txt
3.cat >filename.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# cat 22.txt
listen
[root@cat7 ~]# cat >good.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# cat good.txt
4.touch filename
[root@cat7 ~]# touch cc.txt
[root@cat7 ~]# ls
1.txt cc.txt Downloads Music Templates
22.txt daiv-3 good.txt Pictures test.xt
2.txt Desktop install.log Public Videos
anaconda-ks.cfg Documents install.log.syslog q
[root@cat7 ~]#
[root@cat7 mytest]# touch -d "5:00pm 9/19/2012" 1.txt
[root@cat7 mytest]# ls -l --full-time
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 2012-09-19 17:00:00.000000000 +0800 1.txt
[root@cat7 mytest]#
实用技巧
管道的灵活使用
[root@cat7 ~]# history | grep cd
26 cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
29 cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
45 mkdir -p abc/bcd/cde
47 cd abc
49 cd cde
50 cd bcd
52 cd cde
63 [root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -m 777 daiv-3
65 [root@cat7 cde]# mkdir -m 777 daiv-5
66 [root@cat7 cde]# ls -l
75 history | grep cd
1.9 管道:将一个命令输出的内容通过管道符交给第二个命令去处 理,依次类推
[root@cat7 mytest]# ls | cat >ca.txt
[root@cat7 mytest]# cat ca.txt
1.txt
catseve.txt
ca.txt
good.txt
1.10 管道符号是 “|”
[root@cat7 mytest]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
查找某个软件是否安装了mysql
[root@cat7 mytest]# yum list installed | grep tree
tree.x86_64 1.5.3-3.el6 @base
查找某个软件是否安装了mysql
常用来作为接受数据管道命令:grep sed awk cut head top less more wc join sort split
[root@cat7 mytest]# lastb | cut -c 23-28 | uniq -c
2 192.16
1 :0
3 192.16
2 :0
1
1 23:28
查看上机上有哪些ip在远程登录
[
root@cat7 mytest]# netstat -tupln | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1526/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1526/sshd
查看某种服务是否允许
1.11 查看系统的默认语言
[root@cat7 mytest]# locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_NUMERIC=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_TIME=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_COLLATE=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_MONETARY=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_MESSAGES=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_PAPER=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_NAME=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_ADDRESS=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_TELEPHONE=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_MEASUREMENT=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_IDENTIFICATION=“en_US.UTF-8”
LC_ALL=
[root@cat7 mytest]# yum groupinstall “chinese-support”
1.12 查看所有语言选项
[
root@cat7 mytest]# locale -a|grep zh
zh_CN
zh_CN.gb18030
zh_CN.gb2312
zh_CN.gbk
zh_CN.utf8
zh_HK
zh_HK.big5hkscs
zh_HK.utf8
zh_SG
zh_SG.gb2312
zh_SG.gbk
zh_SG.utf8
zh_TW
zh_TW.big5
zh_TW.euctw
zh_TW.utf8