saltstack进阶

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-04 00:15:00 发布

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saltstack进阶

saltstack进阶

1. masterless

应用场景

master 与 minion 网络不通或通信有延迟，即网络不稳定
想在 minion 端直接执行状态

传统的 SaltStack 是需要通过 master 来执行状态控制 minion 从而实现状态的管理，但是当网络不稳定的时候，当想在minion本地执行状态的时候，当在只有一台主机的时候，想执行状态该怎么办呢？这就需要用到 masterless

有了masterless，即使你只有一台主机，也能玩saltstack，而不需要你有N台主机架构。

masterless配置

环境：

系统ip	角色	应用
centos：192.168.136.141	minion	salt-minion

修改/etc/salt/minion文件

注释master行
取消注释file_client并设其值为local
设置file_roots
设置pillar_roots

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
......
# resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
# master: salt  
# master: 192.168.136.130  //注释此行
......
......
file_client: local  //取消此行注释并将值设为local
......
......
file_roots:         //设置file_roots的路径和环境，需要什么环境就配置什么环境
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base

关闭salt-minion服务

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl stop salt-minion.service 
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl disable --now  salt-minion.service 
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion.service 
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html

使用salt-call命令

masterless模式执行模块或状态文件时需要使用salt-call命令，而不是像之前使用salt 或者salt-ssh命令。需要注意的是要使用salt-call的–local选项。

[root@node01 ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run date
local:
    Mon Nov 29 18:13:44 CST 2021
[root@node01 ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run ls /root
local:
    anaconda-ks.cfg

2. salt-master 高可用

实验环境：均为centos8

IP	角色	服务
192.168.136.130	master（主）	salt-master salt-minion
192.168.136.140	master（备）	salt-master salt-minion
192.168.136.141	minion	salt-minion

数据同步

涉及到高可用时，数据的同步是个永恒的话题，我们必须保证高可用的2个master间使用的数据是一致的，包括：

/etc/salt/master配置文件
/etc/salt/pki目录下的所有key
/srv/下的salt和pillar目录下的所有文件

salt-master高可用配置

我们需要用salt来管理公司的所有机器，那么salt的master就不能宕机，否则就会整个瘫痪，所以我们必须要对salt进行高可用。salt的高可用配置非常简单，只需要改一下minion配置文件，将master用列表的形式列出即可。

配置：

//下载salt-minion
[root@node01 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  292 11月 30 10:27 salt.repo
[root@node01 ~]# yum -y install salt-minion


//修改配置文件
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
master: 192.168.136.130
......
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service  #修改了配置文件要重启

[root@node01 ~]# tree /etc/salt/pki/    #没有tree，用yum 下载即可
/etc/salt/pki/
├── master
└── minion
    ├── minion.pem    #此时已经生成了私钥和公钥，然后去master上接受公钥
    └── minion.pub

2 directories, 2 files



//master上接受node01的公钥
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L 
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
node01     #已经发现node01的公钥了，接受即可控制node01
Rejected Keys:

[root@master ~]# salt-key -ya node01
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node01
Key for minion node01 accepted.
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L 
Accepted Keys:
node01
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
Rejected Keys:

[root@master ~]# salt 'node01' test.ping
node01:
    True
[root@master ~]# salt 'node01' cmd.run date
node01:
    Mon Nov 30 10:40:33 CST 2021

在备master配置

[root@redun yum.repos.d]# yum -y install salt-master
......
......
[root@redun yum.repos.d]# tree /etc/salt/pki/  //此时的这两个文件都是空的
/etc/salt/pki/
├── master
└── minion

2 directories, 0 files

//copy主master上key到备节点，注意这里只拷贝master的key，不拷贝minion的key
[root@master master]# scp master.pem master.pub 192.168.136.140:/etc/salt/pki/master/
The authenticity of host '192.168.136.140 (192.168.136.140)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:wBk15Son1lWkklBlIeDP73ZdN8JvfI/rjtt3NQLOx44.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.136.140' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.136.140's password: 
master.pem                                                          100% 1675     1.5MB/s   00:00    
master.pub                                                          100%  451   422.0KB/s   00:00  

//回到备机上查看发现已经收到了主节点的key文件
[root@redun yum.repos.d]# tree /etc/salt/pki/
/etc/salt/pki/
├── master
│   ├── master.pem
│   └── master.pub
└── minion

2 directories, 2 files


//启动服务
[root@redun salt]# systemctl start salt-master.service 
[root@redun salt]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:4505        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:4506        0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22             [::]:*     

# 随后发现启动了生成了一些目录
[root@redun salt]# tree /etc/salt/pki/
/etc/salt/pki/
├── master
│   ├── master.pem
│   ├── master.pub
│   ├── minions
│   ├── minions_autosign
│   ├── minions_denied
│   ├── minions_pre
│   └── minions_rejected
└── minion

7 directories, 2 files

minion端连接备节点

[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
master: 192.168.136.140
......

# 重启服务
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service


//到备节点上接受来自minion的key
[root@redun salt]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node01
Rejected Keys:

[root@redun salt]# salt-key -y node01
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node01
Rejected Keys:

[root@redun salt]# salt-key -ya node01
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node01
Key for minion node01 accepted.

[root@redun salt]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node01
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
[root@redun salt]# salt 'node01' test.ping
node01:
    True

配置minion端

[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
master:
  - 192.168.136.130
  - 192.168.136.140
......
master_type: failover   #故障转移，主备切换
......
master_alive_interval: 3    #3秒内主节点没有反应就切换到备节点


# 改了配置文件所以要重启
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service 


//此时再去主从上ping node01会发现只有主才能通，备节点是ping不通node01的
[root@master master]# salt 'node01' test.ping   #主节点
node01:
    True

[root@redun salt]# salt 'node01' test.ping  #备节点，虽然提示正则执行，但是是不可能ping通的
node01:
    Minion did not return. [No response]
    The minions may not have all finished running and any remaining minions will return upon completion. To look up the return data for this job later, run the following command:
    
    salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211129111547413628
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code



//模拟主节点挂了，看备节点是否结果服务，能不能ping通node01
[root@master master]# systemctl stop salt-master.service 
# 主节点已经关闭，模拟故障宕机了  

[root@redun salt]# salt 'node01' test.ping   #备节点可以ping通，说明主备切换完成
node01:
    True




//这个时候去node01查看状态，提示主节点已经切换到备机上
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion.service 
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 19:12:25 CST; 7min ago
     Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
 Main PID: 129021 (salt-minion)
    Tasks: 6 (limit: 16538)
   Memory: 93.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
           ├─129021 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           ├─129048 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           └─129050 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion

3. salt-syndic分布式架构

架构图

salt-syndic的特性

可以通过syndic实现更复杂的salt架构
减轻master的负担
syndic的/srv目录下的salt和pillar目录内容要与最顶层的master下的一致，所以要进行数据同步，同步方案同salt-master高可用
最顶层的master不知道自己有几个syndic，它只知道自己有多少个minion，并不知道这些minion是由哪些syndic来管理的

部署

环境：

ip	角色	服务
192.168.136.130	master	salt-master
192.168.136.140	syndic	salt-master salt-syndic
192.168.136.141	minion(node01)	salt-minion
192.168.136.142	minion(node02)	salt-minion

1、安装相应的软件

在syndic主机上安装salt-master和salt-syndic，前提是有salt.repo源仓库

[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-master
[root@syndic ~]# yum -y install salt-master salt-syndic
[root@node01 ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
[root@node02 ~]# yum -y install salt-minion

2. 配置master

修改master的master的配置文件 #这里的master是角色master这台主机

取消注释order_master
将order_master的值设为True

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
.....
# masters' syndic interfaces.
order_masters: True
.....

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master.service

3、配置syndic
修改syndic所在主机的master配置文件

取消注释syndic_master
将syndic_master的值设为master的IP //这里的IP指的是角色为master的主机IP

root@syndic ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
.....
syndic_master: 192.168.136.130
.....

[root@syndic ~]# systemctl enable --now salt-master.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-master.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-master.service.
[root@syndic ~]# systemctl enable --now salt-syndic.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-syndic.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-syndic.service.
[root@syndic ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process                                                       
LISTEN 0      128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*                                                                  
LISTEN 0      128            0.0.0.0:4505        0.0.0.0:*                                                                  
LISTEN 0      128            0.0.0.0:4506        0.0.0.0:*                                                                  
LISTEN 0      128               [::]:22             [::]:*

4、配置minion
配置所有的minion，将master指向syndic所在的主机

在所有minion上做同样的操作，注意，要设置minion配置文件中的id参数，指向minion自身的ip地址或主机名，必须能够唯一标识minion本机。如果本机的主机名不是localhost那么ID默认是修改过后的主机名，如果本机的主机名是localhost那么ID就是本机的IP

[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
master: 192.168.136.140     //这里的IP地址填写角色为syndic的那台主机IP
......

## 如果所有的minion配置一样，可以本机的minion配置文件发送到所有的minion进行覆盖。
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/salt/minion 192.168.136.142:/etc/salt/minion
The authenticity of host '192.168.136.142 (192.168.136.142)' can't be established.      //因为没有配置免密登录所有要输入密码
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:AdZYklxobnUxDi4dBcsR4NlkIf2e0TDMeP3E4eQH4R8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.136.142' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.136.142's password: 
minion                      100%   38KB  29.8MB/s   00:00    

//重启所有的minion端
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service 
[root@node02 salt]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service

5.在syndic上接受minion端的主机key

[root@syndic ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node01
node02
Rejected Keys:


[root@syndic ~]# salt-key -ya  node01
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node01
Key for minion node01 accepted.

[root@syndic ~]# salt-key -ya  node02
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node02
Key for minion node02 accepted.

[root@syndic ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node01
node02
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:

**6、在master上接受syndic主机的key **

[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
syndic
Rejected Keys:

[root@master ~]# salt-key -ya syndic
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
syndic
Key for minion syndic accepted.

[root@master ~]# salt-key -L  
Accepted Keys:
syndic        //添加成功
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
Rejected Keys:

7、同步master和syndic的/srv下的状态文件

/同步状态文件
[root@master ~]# scp -r /srv/* 192.168.164.141:/srv/
......
......


//修改syndic的master配置文件中files_roots、pillar_roots。改成和master主机一样的路径
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master    #master主机上配置
......
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
......
pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  prod:
    - /srv/pillar/prod
......

[root@syndic ~]# vim /etc/salt/master    //syndic主机的master配置文件
......
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
......
pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  prod:
    - /srv/pillar/prod

[root@syndic web]# systemctl restart salt-master.service 
[root@syndic web]# systemctl restart salt-syndic.service

测试

//ping测试连通性，反馈信息没有syndic是正常的，因为master只知道有哪些minion端，并不知道syndic
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping   
node02:
    True
node01:
    True

[root@master ~]# salt '*' cmd.run date
node02:
    Mon Nov 30 11:47:54 CST 2021
node01:
    Mon Nov 30 11:47:55 CST 2021

//执行状态文件
[root@master web]# salt '*' state.sls web.httpd
......
......
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:  29.589 s


[root@master web]# cat httpd.sls 
install-httpd:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

service-httpd:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: true

//查看服务是否运行
[root@node01 ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process     
LISTEN     0          128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                          *:80                        *:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                       [::]:22                     


[root@node02 ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process     
LISTEN     0          128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                          *:80                        *:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                       [::]:22