redux及react-redux的学习总结
纯属学习记录,有错请指点
1、创建store.js文件
//引入createStore创建store,applMidleWare中间件使用支持异步的thunk中间件,combineReducers合并多个reducer
import {createStore, applMiddleWare, combineReducers} from "redux"
//引入thunk支持异步action
import thunk form "redux-thunk"
//引入操作状态的各组件对应的reducer
import XXXReducer from "./reducers/XXXReducer"
import zzzReducer from "./reducers/zzzReducer"
//引入redux-devtools-extension,redux调试工具
import {composeWithDevTools} from 'redux-devtools-extension'
//合并reducer,后期可在reducers文件夹中创建index.js合并所有reducer后再在此处引入合并后的文件
const allReducer = combineReducers({
a: XXXReducer,
b: zzzReducer
})
export default createStore(allReducer, composeWithDevTools(applMiddleWare(thunk)))
2、创建reducer文件,该文件是用于创建一个为xxxx组件服务的reducer,reducer的本质就是一个函数reducer函数会接到两个参数,分别为:之前的状态(preState),动作对象(action)
const initState = 0 //初始化状态
export default function countReducer(preState=initState,action){
//从action对象中获取:type、data
const {type,data} = action
//根据type决定如何加工数据
switch (type) {
case INCREMENT: //如果是加
return preState + data
case DECREMENT: //若果是减
return preState - data
default:
return preState
}
}
3、创建action文件,该文件用于创建一个为xxxx组件服务的action
/*
该文件专门为xxx组件生成action对象
*/
//同步action,就是指action的值为Object类型的一般对象
export const increment = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const decrement = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})
//异步action,就是指action的值为函数,异步action中一般都会调用同步action,异步action不是必须要用的。
export const incrementAsync = (data) => {
return (dispatch)=>{
setTimeout(()=>{
dispatch(increment(data))
},1000)
}
}
4、在组件中dispatch action
import React, { Component } from 'react'
//引入action
import {
increment,
decrement,
incrementAsync
} from '../../redux/actions/count'
//引入connect用于连接UI组件与redux
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
//定义UI组件
class Count extends Component {
state = {carName:'奔驰c63'}
//加法
increment = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.increment(value*1)
}
//减法
decrement = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.decrement(value*1)
}
//异步加
incrementAsync = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.incrementAsync(value*1,500)
}
render() {
//console.log('UI组件接收到的props是',this.props);
return (
<div>
<h2>我是Count组件,下方组件总人数为:{this.props.renshu}</h2>
<h4>当前求和为:{this.props.count}</h4>
<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>
<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
</div>
)
}
}
//使用connect()()创建并暴露一个Count的容器组件
export default connect(
state => ({
count:state.a, //a在合并reducer时命名
personCount:state.b
}),
//{increment,decrement,incrementAsync}
//原始写法
(dispatch) => {
return {
increment: (data) => { dispatch(increment(data)) }
}
}
)(Count)
5、redux只负责维护状态,但不维护状态在页面的响应,改变状态要使页面发生变化需要在App组件中使用store.subscribe(()=>{})将ReactDom.reder(<App/>, document.getelementById(‘root’)包裹
store.subcribe(() => {
ReactDom.reder(<App/>, document.getelementById('root'))
})
在使用react-redux的情况下,其已经帮我们维护了页面的更新,无需再有上面的操作
6、在使用react-redux连接容器组件与stor时,connect()()连接示例如下:
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
import Count from './component/count'
export defaule connect({
/*
1.mapStateToProps函数返回的是一个对象;
2.返回的对象中的key就作为传递给UI组件props的key,value就作为传递给UI组件props的value
3.mapStateToProps用于传递状态
*/
function mapStateToProps(state){
return {
xxx: state.a
}
},
/*
1.mapDispatchToProps函数返回的是一个对象;
2.返回的对象中的key就作为传递给UI组件props的key,value就作为传递给UI组件props的value
3.mapDispatchToProps用于传递操作状态的方法
*/
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch){
return {
increament: (data) => {dispatch(increament(data))}
}
}
})(Count )
上述容器组件连接ui组件与store,需要在改容器组件的父组件将store传入,而不是通过直接引入
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './containers/Count' //引入的Count的容器组件
import store from "./redux/store.js"
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<Count store={store}/>
</div>
)
}
}
也可以通过在最外层index.js文件通过react-redux的Provider组件包裹App组件将store传给所有需要store的组件
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import App from './App'
import store from './redux/store'
import {Provider} from 'react-redux'
ReactDOM.render(
/* 此处需要用Provider包裹App,目的是让App所有的后代容器组件都能接收到store */
<Provider store={store}>
<App/>
</Provider>,
document.getElementById('root')
)