python类中部分魔术方法基本使用

class CheckBaseObject(object):
    sex = "男"

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        """初始化"""
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __str__(self):
        """调用类可直接返回"""
        return self.name

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        """属性不存在时自动调用"""
        if name == "my_attr":
            return "Default Value"
        else:
            raise AttributeError(f"'{self.__class__.__name__}' object has no attribute '{name}'")

    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        """属性不存在时自动调用设置"""
        if key == "my_attr":
            print(f"Setting '{key}' to '{value}'")
            super().__setattr__(key, value.upper())
        else:
            super().__setattr__(key, value)

    def __call__(self):
        """可将类当做函数调用"""
        print('My name is %s.' % self.name)
        return 1

    @classmethod
    def get_obj(cls):
        """类方法  可以调用雷属性  使用类名调用"""
        return cls.sex

    @staticmethod
    def set_obj():
        """静态方法  不可以调用实例方法和属性  可以被调用  独立操作可使用"""
        return "my func is static"

    @property
    def get_name(self):
        """将函数转换成属性"""
        return self._score

    @get_name.setter
    def get_name(self, value):
        """扩展方法 可设置属性后调用get_name获取属性"""
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
        if value < 0 or value > 100:
            raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._score = value


if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = CheckBaseObject("yyy", 18)
    a.attr = '男'
    print(a.attr)
    b = a()
    print(b)
    print(a)