c存储类

c存储类

存储类定义 C 程序中变量/函数的范围（可见性）和生命周期。这些说明符放置在它们所修饰的类型之前。下面列出 C 程序中可用的存储类：

auto //auto 只能修饰局部变量
register //
static //有static修饰时，调用函数时不会被重置
extern

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void func1(void); //函数声明
 int count = 10; //全局变量 
int main()
{
  while(count--){
      func1();
  }
    system("pause");                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
}
void func1(void){
    static int thingy = 5; // 加上static，thingy每次调用时不会被重置
    thingy++;
    printf("thingy is %d, count is %d\n",thingy,count);

}

输出结果

thingy is 6, count is 9
thingy is 7, count is 8
thingy is 8, count is 7
thingy is 9, count is 6
thingy is 10, count is 5
thingy is 11, count is 4
thingy is 12, count is 3
thingy is 13, count is 2
thingy is 14, count is 1
thingy is 15, count is 0

extern 存储类用于提供一个全局变量的引用，全局变量对所有的程序文件都是可见的。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include"support.c"

int count;
extern void write_extern();

int main(){
    count = 5;
    write_extern();
    system("pause");                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
}

#include<stdio.h>

extern int count;
void write_extern(){
    printf("count is %d\n",count);
}

第二个文件中extern 关键字用于声明已经在第一个文件 main.c 中定义的 count，编译这两个文件，输出结果：count is 5