简介
Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子,它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来,通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理,最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
详细介绍:https://baike.so.com/doc/25751000-26884657.html.
配套参考资料:
https://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/. springcloud项目官方主页
https://springcloud.cc/. springcloud中文网 有很详细的翻译文档
http://springcloud.cn/. springcloud中文论坛
原有的单体项目最终会被演化成下面
这样的架构解决了单体项目几点问题:
1、zuul网关解决了服务调用安全性的问题
2、服务注册与发现(注册中心)eureka解决了各层服务耦合问题,它是微服务架构的核心,有它才能将单体项目拆解成微服务架构
3、Eureka集群解决了微服务中,注册中心宕机产生的问题
4、Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务,减小了各微服务服务器的访问压力,默认采用了经典的轮询机制
5、熔断器Hystrix解决了,微服务架构中服务器雪崩现象
6、服务监控(单机Dashboard与集群turbine),方便运维人员查看微服务架构项目运行时,各个服务器的运行状态
7、服务配置中心(springcloud config),用来通过github统一管理各个微服务的配置文件(yml文件)
入门案例
最简单的微服务架构会有四个工程:
父工程:microservice
通用模块(M):microservice-common
服务提供者(C):microservice-student-provider-1001
服务消费者(C):microservice-student-consumer-80
微服务架构注意点::
1、springboot、springcloud版本在父工程定义;
2、由于通用模块无需操作数据库,springboot启动默认会读取数据库,所以得添加以下注解 @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class});
3、分布式jpa需要在启动类上添加@EntityScan(“com.javaxl..”);
4、消费者需要添加配置类获取org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate,springcloud底层是通过RestTemplate来调用提供者的服务的。
创建父工程microservice
父工程是一个maven项目,一般创建方式即可,父工程的主要用途是锁定pom依赖包版本。由于springcloud2X停止更新,这里我们采用稳定的低版本,配套的springboot版本为1x版本。
pom.xml配置如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>t243microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<name>t243microservice</name>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version>
</properties>
<!--锁定pom依赖jar包但不实际引入-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Edgware.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.13.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
创建通用模块microservice-common
通用模块主要存放实体类、工具包等被整个微服务框架所使用的代码。创建一个简单的springboot模块即可。相关代码如下
pom.xml配置如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>t243microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>microservice-common</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
MicroserviceCommonApplication.java
@SpringBootApplication建议逆向生成完之后再加上(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
package com.tanjie.microservicecommon;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceCommonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceCommonApplication.class, args);
}
}
Student.java
package com.tanjie.microservicecommon.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_springcloud_student")
public class Student implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Integer id;
@Column(length=50)
private String name;
@Column(length=50)
private String grade;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGrade() {
return grade;
}
public void setGrade(String grade) {
this.grade = grade;
}
}
application.yml
server:
port: 80
servlet:
context-path: /
spring:
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
datasource:
#1.JDBC
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost/tanjie?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: 123
druid:
#2.\u8FDE\u63A5\u6C60\u914D\u7F6E
#\u521D\u59CB\u5316\u8FDE\u63A5\u6C60\u7684\u8FDE\u63A5\u6570\u91CF \u5927\u5C0F\uFF0C\u6700\u5C0F\uFF0C\u6700\u5927
initial-size: 5
min-idle: 5
max-active: 20
#\u914D\u7F6E\u83B7\u53D6\u8FDE\u63A5\u7B49\u5F85\u8D85\u65F6\u7684\u65F6\u95F4
max-wait: 60000
#\u914D\u7F6E\u95F4\u9694\u591A\u4E45\u624D\u8FDB\u884C\u4E00\u6B21\u68C0\u6D4B\uFF0C\u68C0\u6D4B\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ED\u7684\u7A7A\u95F2\u8FDE\u63A5\uFF0C\u5355\u4F4D\u662F\u6BEB\u79D2
time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
# \u914D\u7F6E\u4E00\u4E2A\u8FDE\u63A5\u5728\u6C60\u4E2D\u6700\u5C0F\u751F\u5B58\u7684\u65F6\u95F4\uFF0C\u5355\u4F4D\u662F\u6BEB\u79D2
min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000
validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
test-while-idle: true
test-on-borrow: true
test-on-return: false
# \u662F\u5426\u7F13\u5B58preparedStatement\uFF0C\u4E5F\u5C31\u662FPSCache \u5B98\u65B9\u5EFA\u8BAEMySQL\u4E0B\u5EFA\u8BAE\u5173\u95ED \u4E2A\u4EBA\u5EFA\u8BAE\u5982\u679C\u60F3\u7528SQL\u9632\u706B\u5899 \u5EFA\u8BAE\u6253\u5F00
pool-prepared-statements: true
max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
# \u914D\u7F6E\u76D1\u63A7\u7EDF\u8BA1\u62E6\u622A\u7684filters\uFF0C\u53BB\u6389\u540E\u76D1\u63A7\u754C\u9762sql\u65E0\u6CD5\u7EDF\u8BA1\uFF0C'wall'\u7528\u4E8E\u9632\u706B\u5899
filter:
stat:
merge-sql: true
slow-sql-millis: 5000
#3.\u57FA\u7840\u76D1\u63A7\u914D\u7F6E
web-stat-filter:
enabled: true
url-pattern: /*
#\u8BBE\u7F6E\u4E0D\u7EDF\u8BA1\u54EA\u4E9BURL
exclusions: "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"
session-stat-enable: true
session-stat-max-count: 100
stat-view-servlet:
enabled: true
url-pattern: /druid/*
reset-enable: true
#\u8BBE\u7F6E\u76D1\u63A7\u9875\u9762\u7684\u767B\u5F55\u540D\u548C\u5BC6\u7801
login-username: admin
login-password: admin
allow: 127.0.0.1
#deny: 192.168.1.100
运行结束数据库出现t_springcloud_student
运行成功之后就可以把application.yml中的代码删了
创建服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001
创建一个简单的springboot模块,这里服务提供者需要操作数据库并且被浏览器所访问,固需要添加相关配置如下
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>t243microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider-1001</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
eureka和info是后面用到的
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tanjie?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka\u5BA2\u6237\u7AEF\u4E3B\u673A\u5B9E\u4F8B\u540D\u79F0
appname: microservice-student #\u5BA2\u6237\u7AEF\u670D\u52A1\u540D
instance-id: microservice-student:1001 #\u5BA2\u6237\u7AEF\u5B9E\u4F8B\u540D\u79F0
prefer-ip-address: true #\u663E\u793AIP
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka #\u628A\u670D\u52A1\u6CE8\u518C\u5230eureka\u6CE8\u518C\u4E2D\u5FC3
info:
groupId: com.tanjie.t243Springcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://tanjie.com
phone: 123456
MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EntityScan("com.tanjie.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProvider1001Application.class, args);
}
}
StudentRepository.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository;
import com.tanjie.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
}
StudentService.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.service;
import com.tanjie.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentService {
public void save(Student student);
public Student findById(Integer id);
public List<Student> list();
public void delete(Integer id);
}
StudentServiceImpl.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.impl;
import com.tanjie.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository.StudentRepository;
import com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {
@Autowired
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@Override
public void save(Student student) {
studentRepository.save(student);
}
@Override
public Student findById(Integer id) {
return studentRepository.findOne(id);
}
@Override
public List<Student> list() {
return studentRepository.findAll();
}
@Override
public void delete(Integer id) {
studentRepository.delete(id);
}
}
StudentProviderController.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.controller;
import com.tanjie.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.tanjie.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
public boolean save(Student student){
try{
studentService.save(student);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return studentService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return studentService.findById(id);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
studentService.delete(id);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
}
创建服务消费者microservice-student-consumer-80
服务消费者主要是通过restful api来调用提供者的接口,固不需要不需要操作数据库,相关配置如下
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>t243microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-80</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.tanjie</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentconsumer80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
}
}
SpringCloudConfig.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
StudentConsumerController.java
package com.tanjie.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
import com.tanjie.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://localhost:1001";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
private boolean save(Student student){
return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
}
关于如何配置RunDashboard
https://www.cnblogs.com/yangtianle/p/8818255.html.
效果图演示
localhost:1001/student/list
localhost/student/list
Over。。。。