目录
线程池
作用：回收利用线程资源
线程是一种宝贵的系统资源，执行完任务后会死亡，如果有大量任务需要处理，需要频繁的创建和销毁线程，造成系统性能降低。
线程池：Java中开辟出了一种管理线程的概念，这个概念叫做线程池。线程池会保存一定量的线程，线程执行完任务后，会回到线程池中，等待下一个任务，节省系统资源，提升性能。
线程池的使用
ExecutorService
ExecutorService继承Executor
Executors
用于创建线程池的工具类
主要的方法
| 方法名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| newCachedThreadPool() | 创建长度不限的线程池 |
| newFixedThreadPool(int ) | 创建固定长度的线程池 |
| newSingleThreadExecutor() | 创建单一个数的线程池 |
| newScheduledThreadPool(int) | 创建可以调度的线程池 |
public class ThreadPoolDemo {
public static void cacheThreadPool(){
//创建长度不限的线程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int n=i;
//启动线程池
executorService.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行了任务"+n);
});
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//关闭线程池
executorService.shutdown();
}
public static void fixedThreadPool(){
//创建长度固定的线程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int n=i;
//使用线程池启动线程
executorService.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行了任务"+n);
});
}
//关闭线程池
executorService.shutdown();
}
public static void singleThreadPool(){
//创建单一长度的线程池
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int n=i;
//使用线程池启动线程
executorService.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行了任务"+n);
});
}
//关闭线程池
executorService.shutdown();
}
public static void scheduledThreadPool(){
//创建单一长度的线程池
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
//使用线程池启动线程
System.out.println("------------");
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前时间"+ LocalDateTime.now());
},1,1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
cacheThreadPool();
// fixedThreadPool();
// singleThreadPool();
// scheduledThreadPool();
}
}运行效果：
线程池的优化配置
线程池的实现类
ThreadPoolExecutor
线程池的构造方法参数：
-
corePoolSize 核心线程数，创建线程池后自带线程，不会进行销毁
-
maximumPoolSize 最大线程数
-
keepAliveTime 存活时间，非核心线程能够闲置的时间，超过后被销毁
-
timeUnit 时间单位
-
blockingQueue 阻塞队列 存放任务（Runnable）的集合
优化配置
-
核心线程数 应该和CPU内核数量相关 CPU内核数 * N （N和任务执行需要时间和并发量相关）
Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
-
最大线程数可以和核心线程数一样，避免频繁创建和销毁线程
-
如果存在非核心线程，设置大一点，避免频繁创建和销毁线程
-
阻塞队列使用LinkedBlockingQueue，插入和删除任务效率更高
线程池的实现原理
问题：线程池是如何对线程进行回收利用的？
所有线程保存在HashSet中
/**
* Set containing all worker threads in pool. Accessed only when
* holding mainLock.
*/
private final HashSet<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>();
ThreadPoolExecutor类下
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int c = ctl.get();
//工作线程<核心线程数
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
} private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This
// requires a recheck in second case to deal with
// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
task.run();
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
} private Runnable getTask() {
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
decrementWorkerCount();
return null;
}
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
// Are workers subject to culling?
boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
&& (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
continue;
}
try {
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take();
if (r != null)
return r;
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
timedOut = false;
}
}
}
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