javaweb-servlet

0 前言

      servlet是指Java Servlet，它是一种用于生成动态网页的技术，它是运行在Web服务器或应用服务器上的Java类，可以接收和响应客户端的请求。servlet可以实现网页的逻辑和处理，例如验证用户、查询数据库、生成HTML等。

servlet是javaweb中的核心技术，它具有高效、可扩展、跨平台等特点。servlet遵循了一套标准的接口和规范，可以与各种Web服务器和应用服务器进行交互。servlet可以与jsp、JavaBean等组件进行协作，实现数据的传递和展示。

本文将介绍javaweb中servlet的介绍，包括了servlet的概念、特点、生命周期和示例，希望能够对读者有所帮助。

1 servlet实战

1.1 准备工作

①创建maven工程
②创建工程包entity，dao，service，servlet，util
③pom.xml引入依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.32</version>
    </dependency>

④引入BaseDao工具类

package com.zlt.util;

import java.sql.*;

public class BaseDao {
    //创建三大对象
    protected static Connection conn;
    protected static PreparedStatement ps;
    protected static ResultSet rs;
    public static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
    public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_servlet";
    public static final String USERNAME = "root";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";

    //创建连接数据库的方法
    public static void getConnection(){
        try {
            Class.forName(DRIVER);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
            System.out.println("连接："+conn);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //创建关闭数据库的方法
    public static void closeCount(){
        try {
            if(rs!=null){
                rs.close();
            }if(ps!=null){
                ps.close();
            }if(conn!=null){
                conn.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    //通用的增删改的方法
    public int executeUpdate(String sql,Object[] params){
        int flag = 0;
        getConnection();
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            if(params!=null){
                for(int i = 0;i< params.length;i++){
                    ps.setObject(i+1, params[i]);
                }
            }
            flag = ps.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            closeCount();
        }
        return flag;
    }
    //通用的查询方法
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql,Object[] params){
        getConnection();
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            if(params!=null){
                for(int i = 0;i< params.length;i++){
                    ps.setObject(i+1, params[i]);
                }
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return rs;
    }
}

1.2 正式代码

①创建数据库/表

CREATE TABLE `t_student` (
  `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `nickname` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `height` double DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

②创建entity实体类，dao、service中的接口和实现类
③创建servlet文件，配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>StudentServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.zlt.servlet.StudentServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>StudentServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/StudentServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

④编写servlet文件内容

package com.zlt.servlet;

import com.zlt.entity.Student;
import com.zlt.service.StudentService;
import com.zlt.service.impl.StudentServiceImpl;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class StudentServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        StudentService service = new StudentServiceImpl();
        List<Student> list = service.findAll();
        request.setAttribute("list",list);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
}

⑤创建jsp文件并编写

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1px solid">
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>昵称</th>
        <th>身高</th>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach items="${list}" var="list">
    <tr>
        <td>${list.id}</td>
        <td>${list.name}</td>
        <td>${list.nickname}</td>
        <td>${list.height}</td>
    </tr>
    </c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>

⑥运行并测试
启动tomcat，浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/pro_jsp_war_exploded/StudentServlet

2 实现增删改查

2.1 准备工作

同上

2.2 正式代码

①创建数据库/表

CREATE TABLE `t_house` (
  `no` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `housename` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `height` double DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`no`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=54 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

②创建entity实体类，dao、service中的接口和实现类
略
③创建servlet文件，配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>HouseServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.zlt.servlet.HouseServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>HouseServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/HouseServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

④编写servlet文件内容

package com.zlt.servlet;

import com.zlt.entity.House;
import com.zlt.service.HouseService;
import com.zlt.service.impl.HouseServiceImpl;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class HouseServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HouseService service = new HouseServiceImpl();
        String action = request.getParameter("action");
        switch (action){
            case "list":
                List<House> list = service.findALL();
                request.setAttribute("list", list);
                request.getRequestDispatcher("list.jsp").forward(request, response);
                break;
            case "toAdd":
                request.getRequestDispatcher("add.jsp").forward(request, response);
                break;
            case "add": {
                String housename = request.getParameter("housename");
                String height = request.getParameter("height");
                House house = new House(housename, Double.parseDouble(height));
                Integer flag = service.addHouse(house);
                if (flag > 0) {
                    request.getRequestDispatcher("HouseServlet?action=list").forward(request, response);
                }
                break;
            }
            case "toUpdate": {
                String no = request.getParameter("no");
                House house= service.findOne(Integer.parseInt(no));
                request.setAttribute("house", house);
                request.getRequestDispatcher("update.jsp").forward(request, response);
                break;
            }
            case "update":{
                String no = request.getParameter("no");
                String housename = request.getParameter("housename");
                String height = request.getParameter("height");
                House house = new House(Integer.parseInt(no),housename, Double.parseDouble(height));
                Integer flag = service.updateHouse(house);
                if (flag > 0) {
                    request.getRequestDispatcher("HouseServlet?action=list").forward(request, response);
                }
                break;
            }
            case "delete":{
                String no = request.getParameter("no");
                Integer flag = service.delHouse(Integer.parseInt(no));
                if (flag > 0) {
                    request.getRequestDispatcher("HouseServlet?action=list").forward(request, response);
                }
                break;
            }
            case "select":{
                request.getRequestDispatcher("selectOne.jsp").forward(request, response);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

⑤创建jsp文件并编写
略
⑥运行并测试
启动tomcat，浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/pro_jsp2_war_exploded/HouseServlet?action=list
⑦拓展（中文乱码问题，通过添加过滤器）

package com.zlt.util;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;

public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    class Request extends HttpServletRequestWrapper
    {
        public Request(HttpServletRequest request) {
            super(request);
        }
        public String toUTF8(String input) {
            try {
                byte[] bytes = input.getBytes("ISO8859-1");
                return new String(bytes, "utf-8");
            } catch (Exception ex) {
            }
            return null;
        }
        private HttpServletRequest getHttpServletRequest()
        {
            return (HttpServletRequest) super.getRequest();
        }
        public String getParameter(String name)
        {
            return
                    toUTF8(getHttpServletRequest().getParameter(name));
        }
        public String[] getParameterValues(String name)
        {
            String values[] =getHttpServletRequest().getParameterValues(name);
            if (values != null) {
                for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                    values[i] = toUTF8(values[i]);
                }
            }
            return values;
        }
    }
    public void destroy() {
    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse
            response,FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest httpreq = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        if (httpreq.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
            request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        } else {
            request = new Request(httpreq);
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws
            ServletException {
    }
}

配置web.xml

  <filter>
    <filter-name>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.zlt.util.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

本文详细源码见servlet测试+实战代码