Ubuntu常见配置

一、Ubuntu换源

1.备份原始源文件source.list

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bankup

2.修改源文件sources.list

将下面任意一个内容替换到sources.list文件中
阿里源

#阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3.保存并退出

4.执行下面两条命令来更新和升级源

apt update
apt upgrade

二、安装sshd服务，从而能够远程连接

1.首先安装openssh-server

apt install openssh-server

2.启动sshd服务

systemctl restart sshd

三、远程连接时，不能使用root用户登录

1.修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件把PermitRootLogin Prohibit-password添加#注释掉（默认就是注释掉的）
2.新添加：PermitRootLogin yes
3.重启ssh服务 /etc/init.d/ssh restart
4.使用root远程连接Ubuntu

四、安装VMtools，否则不能从Windows上复制粘贴东西到Ubuntu上。

1.安装vmtools

安装之后，Ubuntu桌面上会出现如下内容

2.双击进入上面的vmtools，然后使用root用户解压如下文件

命令如下

3.进入解压的目录，然后执行vmware-install.pl脚本。（在执行脚本过程中，除了第一个提示需要输入yes外，其他提示全部enter就行了）

4.重启虚拟机

五、ifconfig命令无法使用

apt install net-tools