背景:
前言:上篇文章教大家如何使用阿里云服务器去学习Linux操作系统的基本操作,再也不用本地搭建虚拟机环境学习Linux了。
问题
当我们在Xshell控制台输入yum后会发现操作系统居然没有安装yum,没有yum也就无法安装一些常见的软件包,因此yum的安装是十分必要的。
yum
安装方法:
通过Apt-Get安装Yum命令
首先在控制台执行如下命令
apt-get install yum
此时通常情况下并不会顺利安装,如果控制台输出如下信息:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package yum
则说明安装出现问题,需要更新一下APT库。
更新APT库需要执行如下命令:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
打印出类似如下信息则说明更新成功
Get:20 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [397 kB]
Get:21 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Sources [277 kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Sources [300 kB]
Get:23 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [1,216 kB]
Get:24 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [2,336 kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Translation-en [406 kB]
Get:26 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [1,030 kB]
Get:27 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [1,218 kB]
Get:28 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Translation-en [280 kB]
Get:29 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable/main arm64 Packages [97.1 kB]
Get:30 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable/main amd64 Packages [96.0 kB]
Get:31 http://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable/main armhf Packages [96.7 kB]
Fetched 51.8 MB in 10s (5,299 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
此时在执行命令apt-get upgrade便可安装,如果出现选择项目[Y/n]选择y即可。
Yum命令安装完成后,你会发现使用yum无法正常安装软件,因为没有配置Yum源,是不能正常安装软件的。
进入Yum配置目录
cd /etc/yum/repos.d
创建Yum配置源
vi CentOS-Base.repo
输入以下内容(这里使用的CentOS-7.9.2009的源)
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Base
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/os/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Updates
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/updates/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Extras
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/extras/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Plus
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.9.2009/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-7.9.2009 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7.9.2009/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
esc退出,shift+:输入wq(保存并退出)
好了,此时再用yum可以正常安装软件了!