学习目标:格式化和序列
学习内容:
字符串格式化符号
>>> '%X'%326#转化为大写的十六进制数
'146'
>>> '%10d'%46559.235#转化为整数,前面的10是占10个字节,且空格在左边
' 46559'
>>> '%-10d'%45632.98#空格在右边
'45632 '
>>> '%.3e'%4526.321#科学计数法格式化定点数
'4.526e+03'
>>> '%10e'%4526.321
'4.526321e+03'
>>> '%20e'%4526.321
' 4.526321e+03'
>>> '%010d'%45632#占10个字节,不够左边用0来填充
'0000045632'
>>> '%#x'%150#转化为小写的十六进制数,且前面带符号
'0x96'
>>> '%o'%56
'70'
>>> '%#o'%56#带符号八进制数
'0o70'
>>> '%#d'%56
'56'
>>> '%20.3f'%536.23657#格式化定点数,指定精度
' 536.237'
关于format的用法(格式化字符串)
>>> '{0} name is {1}'.format('My','Tom')#位置型参数
'My name is Tom'
>>> '{a} name is {b}'.format(a='My',b='Tom')#关键字型参数
'My name is Tom'
>>> '{1}'.format('lalala','hhh')
'hhh'
>>> '{{1}}'.format('lalala','hhh')
'{1}'
>>> '{0}{1:.2f}'.format('pi=',3.1415926)
'pi=3.14'
>>> '{{0}}'.format('lalala')
'{0}'
列表、元组和字符串统称为序列
枚举:enumerate():生成由每个元素索引值和元素组成的元组
>>> temp=('456','45','63')
>>> list(temp)
['456', '45', '63']
>>> tuple(temp)
('456', '45', '63')
>>> str(temp)
"('456', '45', '63')"
>>> str = 'carrot'
>>> for each in enumerate(str):#**枚举**
print(each)
(0, 'c')
(1, 'a')
(2, 'r')
(3, 'r')
(4, 'o')
(5, 't')
zip():返回各个参数的序列组成的元组
>>> a=[1,2,3,6,8]
>>> b='carrot'
>>> list(zip(a,b))
[(1, 'c'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'r'), (6, 'r'), (8, 'o')]
>>> for each in zip(a,b):
print(each,end='')
(1, 'c')(2, 'a')(3, 'r')(6, 'r')(8, 'o')
翻转:reversed() 从小到大排序:sorted()
>>> a=[1,2,3,6,8]
>>> for each in reversed(a):
print(each,end=',')
8,6,3,2,1,
>>> sorted(a)
[1, 2, 3, 6, 8]
>>> for each in reversed(sorted(a)):#从大到小排序
print(each,end=',')
8,6,3,2,1,