mysql视图(秒学秒懂唔)

~本特利~

~秒学秒懂是噱头，还是一起好好学吧~

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视图

含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性，是通过表动态生成的数据

视图（View）是一种虚表，允许用户实现以下几点：

1.用户或用户组查找结构数据的方式更自然或直观。
2.限制数据访问，用户只能看到有限的数据，而不是完整的表。
3.汇总各种表中的数据，用于生成报告。

SQLite 视图是只读的，因此可能无法在视图上执行 DELETE、INSERT 或 UPDATE 语句。但是可以在视图上创建一个触发器，当尝试 DELETE、INSERT 或 UPDATE 视图时触发，需要做的动作在触发器内容中定义。

视图	create view	只是保存了sql逻辑	增删改查，只是一般不能增删改
表	create table	保存了数据	增删改查

CREATE VIEW 的基本语法如下：

CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1, column2.....
FROM table_name
WHERE [condition];

案例：查询姓本的学生名和专业名

SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`
WHERE s.`stuname` LIKE '%本%';

CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`;

SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE stuname LIKE '%本%';

创建视图

语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;

以下测试请结合数据库 myemployees;
链接：点击
提取码：rhjw
初学者怎么用这个数据库，最简单的就是在图形化工具比如Navicat里执行这个文件

1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息

USE myemployees;

#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id  = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id  = e.job_id;

#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';

2.查询各部门的平均工资级别

USE myemployees;

#①创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

#②使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades g
ON myv2.`ag` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;

3.查询平均工资最低的部门信息

SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;

4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资

CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;

SELECT d.*,m.ag
FROM myv3 m
JOIN departments d
ON m.`department_id`=d.`department_id`;

视图的修改

方式一

create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;

SELECT * FROM myv3 

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;

方式二

语法：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句;

ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;

删除视图

语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,…;

DROP VIEW emp_v1,emp_v2,myv3;

查看视图

DESC myv3;

SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;

视图的更新

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) "annual salary"
FROM employees;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM myv1;
SELECT * FROM employees;

1.插入

INSERT INTO myv1 VALUES('本','12345@qq.com');

2.修改

UPDATE myv1 SET last_name = '本' WHERE last_name='特';

3.删除

DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name = '本';

具备以下特点的视图不允许更新

①包含以下关键字的sql语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

SELECT * FROM myv1;

#更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;

②常量视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;

#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';

③Select中包含子查询

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;

④join

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id  = d.department_id;

#更新

SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name  = '本' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');

⑤from一个不能更新的视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;

⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
	SELECT  manager_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';

练习

创建视图emp_v1,要求查询电话号码以‘011’开头的员工姓名和工资、邮箱

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v1
AS
SELECT last_name,salary,email
FROM employees
WHERE phone_number LIKE '011%';

创建视图emp_v2，要求查询部门的最高工资高于12000的部门信息

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v2
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) mx_dep,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;


SELECT d.*,m.mx_dep
FROM departments d
JOIN emp_v2 m
ON m.department_id = d.`department_id`;

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