15、nginx之杂项名称

官网：Server names

翻译部分：Miscellaneous names

开始！

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There are some server names that are treated specially.

 有些服务器名称是经过特殊处理的。

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If it is required to process requests without the “Host” header field in a server block which is not the default, an empty name should be specified:

如果要在服务器块（不是默认的）中处理不带host头字段的请求，应该指定空名称。

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  example.org  www.example.org  "";
    ...
}

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If no server_name is defined in a server block then nginx uses the empty name as the server name.

如果server块中没有定义server_name,nginx会使用空名称作为服务器名称，即

server_name  ""

nginx versions up to 0.8.48 used the machine’s hostname as the server name in this case.

 在本例中，0.8.48之前的nginx版本用机器的主机名作为服务器名称。

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If a server name is defined as “$hostname” (0.9.4), the machine’s hostname is used.

 如果server_name $hostname;（0.9.4）则使用机器的主机名作为服务器名。

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If someone makes a request using an IP address instead of a server name, the “Host” request header field will contain the IP address and the request can be handled using the IP address as the server name:

如果有人用IP地址而不是服务器名发请求 ，请求的host头字段会包含IP地址，且请求可以被server_name为IP地址的server块处理。

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  example.org
                 www.example.org
                 ""
                 192.168.1.1
                 ;
    ...
}

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In catch-all server examples the strange name “_” can be seen:

在catch-all服务器示例中，可以看到奇怪的名字_。

server {
    listen       80  default_server;
    server_name  _;
    return       444;
}

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There is nothing special about this name, it is just one of a myriad of invalid domain names which never intersect with any real name.

这个名称并没有什么特殊之处，它只是众多无效域名中的一个 ，这些域名从未与真实的名称相交过。

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Other invalid names like “--” and “!@#” may equally be used.

其他无效名称如--和!@#可以同等的被使用。

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nginx versions up to 0.6.25 supported the special name “*” which was erroneously interpreted to be a catch-all name.

 0.6.25之前的版本支持特殊名称*,该名称被错误的解释为catch-all名称。

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It never functioned as a catch-all or wildcard server name.

它从来没有作为一个catch-all名称或者通配符名称发挥作用。 

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Instead, it supplied the functionality that is now provided by the server_name_in_redirect directive.

相反的，它提供了现在有server_name_in_redirect指令提供的功能。 

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The special name “*” is now deprecated and the server_name_in_redirect directive should be used.

现在不推荐使用特殊名称* ，应该使用server_name_in_rediret指令。

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Note that there is no way to specify the catch-all name or the default server using the server_name directive.

 请注意，无法使用server_name指令来指定catch-all名称或默认服务器。

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This is a property of the listen directive and not of the server_name directive.

这是listen指令的一个属性，而不是server_name指令的属性。 

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See also “How nginx processes a request”.

也可以看看 How nginx processes a request

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It is possible to define servers listening on ports *:80 and *:8080, and direct that one will be the default server for port *:8080, while the other will be the default for port *:80:

可以定义同时监听80和8080端口的服务器，并指示其中一个为8080的默认服务器，而另一个将会是80端口的默认服务器。

server {
    listen       80;
    listen       8080  default_server;
    server_name  example.net;
    ...
}

server {
    listen       80  default_server;
    listen       8080;
    server_name  example.org;
    ...
}