//if.cpp--using the if statement
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char ch;
int spaces = 0;
int total = 0;
cin.get(ch);
while (ch != '.')
{
if (ch == ' ')//空字符的在引号中间 加一个空格
++spaces; //当ch为空字符时 才执行++spaces
++total;//total 位于If外面 所以每轮都执行
cin.get(ch);
}
cout << spaces << "spaces," << total;
cout << "characters total in sentence\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
if else 语句
//ifelse.cpp--using the if else statement
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char ch;
cout << "Type,and i shall repeat.\n";
cin.get(ch);
while (ch != '.')
{
if (ch == '\n')
cout << ch;
else
cout << ++ch;
//cout<<ch+1;会出现输出的是数字
cin.get(ch);
}
cout << "\nPlesase excuse the slight confusion.\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
格式化if else 语句
//ifelse.cpp--using the if else statement
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char ch;
cout << "Type,and i shall repeat.\n";
cin.get(ch);
if (ch == 'a')
{
++ch;
cout << ch;
}
else
{
// cout << ++ch;
cout<<ch+1;//会出现输出的是数字
cin.get(ch);
}
cout << "\nPlesase excuse the slight confusion.\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
if else if else结构
//ifelseif.cpp---using if else if else
#include<iostream>
const int Fave = 27;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int n;
cout << "Enter a number in the range 1-100 to find";
cout << "my favorite number:";
do
{
cin >> n;
if (n < Fave)
cout << "Too low -- guess again:";
else if (n > Fave)
cout << "Too high -- guess again:";
else
cout << Fave << "is right!\n";
} while (n != Fave);
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
int myNumer=0;
if (3 == myNumer)
cout << "i love c++";
else if ( myNumer==2)//此处发出警告 (2=myNumer)不对 表达式必须是可修改的左值
//语法不会报错可能程序会出错
cout << "ok";
else
cout << "yes";
return 0;
}
逻辑运算符or||
//or.cpp--using the logical OR operator
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "This program may reformat your hard disk\n"//重新格式化硬盘
"and destroy all your data.\n"//销毁
"Do you wish to contiue?<y/n>";
char ch;
cin >> ch;
if (ch == 'y' || ch == 'Y')
cout << "You were warned!\a\a\n";
else if (ch == 'n' || ch == 'N')
cout << "A wise choice...bye\n";
else
cout << "That wasn't a y or n!Apparently you"
"can't follow \n instructions,so"//指示
"I'll trash your disk anyway.\a\a\a\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
逻辑AND运算符&&
//add.cpp --using the logical AND operator
#include<iostream>
const int ArSize = 6;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
float naaq[ArSize];
cout << "Enter the NAAQs(New Age Awareness Quotients)"
<< "of\n your neighbors.Program terminates"
<< "when you make \n" << ArSize << "entries"
<< "or enter a negative value.\n";
int i = 0;
float temp;//临时变量
cout << "First value:";
cin >> temp;
while (i < ArSize && temp >= 0)//2 quitting criteria
{
naaq[i] = temp;
++i;
if (i < ArSize)
{
cout << "Next value:";
cin >> temp;
}
}
if (i == 0)
cout << "No data--bye\n";
else
{
cout << "Enter your NAAQ:";
float you;
cin >> you;
int count = 0;
for (int j = 0;j < i;j++)
if (naaq[j] > you)
++count;
cout << count;
cout << "of your neighbors have greater awareness of\n"
<< "the New Age than you do.\n";
}
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
用&&来设置取值范围
//more_and.cpp--using the logical AND operator
#include<iostream>
const char* qualify[4] =
{
"10,000-meter race.\n",
"mud tug-of-war.\n",
"masters canoe jousting.\n",
"pie-throwing festival.\n"
};//都是体育运动
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int age;
cout << "Enter your age in years:";
cin >> age;
int index;
if (age > 17 && age < 35)
//if(17<age<35) 不要用这种表示 因为这个总是恒成立的
index = 0;
else if (age >= 35 && age < 50)
index = 1;
else if (age >= 50 && age < 65)
index = 2;
else
index = 3;
cout << "You qualify for the " << qualify[index];
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
//not.cpp--using the not operator
#include<iostream>
#include<climits>//NT_MAX和INT_MIN
bool is_int(double);
int main()
{
using namespace std;
double num;
cout << "Yo ,dude!Enter an integer value:";//伙计dude
cin >> num;
while (!is_int(num))//continue while num is not int-able
{
cout << "Out of range--please try again:";
cin >> num;
}
int val = int(num);//type cast
cout << "You've entered the integer" << val << "\n Bye \n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
int age;
int weight;
int donation;
cin >> age;
cin >> weight;
cin>> donation;
if (age > 30 && age < 45 || weight>300)//&&的优先级高于or
cout << "fat";
else if ((age > 50 || weight > 300) && donation > 1000)//先进行OR 则需要扩起来
cout << "ok";
else
cout << "no";
return 0;
}
bool is_int(double x)
{
if (x <= INT_MAX && x >= INT_MIN)//use climits values
return true;
else
return false;
}
字符函数库cctype
//cctypes.cpp--using the ctype.h library
#include<iostream>
#include<cctype>//cctype软件包
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter text for analysis,and type @"
"to terminate input .\n";
char ch;
int whitespace = 0;
int digits = 0;
int chars = 0;
int punct = 0;
int others = 0;
cin.get(ch);
while (ch != '@')
{
if (isalpha(ch))
chars++;
else if (isspace(ch))
whitespace++;
else if (isdigit(ch))//数字
digits++;
else if (ispunct(ch))//punctuation标点符号
punct++;
else
others++;
cin.get(ch);
}
cout << chars << "letters,"
<< whitespace << "whitesapce,"
<< digits << "digits,"
<< punct << "punctuations,"
<< others << "other.\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
?运算符
//condit.cpp--using the conditional operator
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
int a, b;
cout << "Enter two intergers:";
cin >> a >> b;
cout << "The large of " << a << "and" << b;
int c = a > b ? a : b;//if (a>b) c=a ;else c=b;
//expression1 ?expression2:expression3
//当expression1为ture 表达式的值为expression2 否则为expression3
cout << "is" << c << endl;
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
//switch.cpp--using the switch statement
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void showmenu();
void report();
void comfort();
int main()
{
showmenu();
int choice;
cin >> choice;
while (choice != 5)
{
switch (choice)
{
case 1: cout << "\a\n";
break;
case 2: report();
break;
case 3: cout << "The boss was in all day.\n";
break;
case 4:comfort();
break;
default: cout << "That's not a choice.\n";
}
showmenu();
cin >> choice;
}
cout << "Bye!\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
void showmenu()
{
cout << "Please enter 1,2,3,4,or 5:\n"
"1) alarm 2) report\n"
"3) alibi 4) comfort\n"
"5) quit\n";
}
void report()
{
cout << "It's been an excellent week for bussiness.\n"
"Sales are up 120%.Expenses are down 35%.\n";
}
void comfort()
{
cout << "Your employees think you are the finest CEO\n"
"in the industry.The board of directors think\n"
"you are the finest CEO in the industry .\n";
}
switch星期几
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i;
cout << "请输入今天是星期几：";
cin >> i;
switch (i)
{
case1:
cout << "switch:今天是星期一" << endl;
break;//遇到break 就停下来 不会贯穿
case2:
cout << "switch:今天是星期二" << endl;
break;//case不用写大括号
case3:
cout << "switch:今天是星期三" << endl;
break;
case4:
cout << "switch:今天是星期四" << endl;
break;
case5:
cout << "switch:今天是星期五" << endl;
break;
case6:
cout << "switch:今天是星期六" << endl;
break;
case7:
cout << "switch:今天是星期天" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "switch:错误的输入" << endl;
break;
}
/*
if (i == 1)//if后面可以i可以为小数 可以写i<3小于符号
cout << "今天是星期一" << endl;
else if (i == 2)
cout << "今天是星期二" << endl;
else if (i == 3)
cout << "今天是星期三" << endl;
else if (i == 4)
cout << "今天是星期四" << endl;
else if (i == 5)
cout << "今天是星期五" << endl;
else if (i == 6)
cout << "今天是星期六" << endl;
else if (i == 7)
cout << "今天是星期天" << endl;
else
cout<<"错误的输入"<<endl;
*/
return 0;
}
//switch.cpp--using the switch statement
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void showmenu();
void report();
void comfort();
int main()
{
showmenu();
int choice;
cin >> choice;
while (choice != 5)
{
switch (choice)
{
case 1: cout << "\a\n";
break;
case 2: report();//case后面只能是整数 表示chioce==2 不能为小数（注意与If的区别）
break;
case 3: cout << "The boss was in all day.\n";
break;
case 4:comfort();
break;
default: cout << "That's not a choice.\n";
}
showmenu();
cin >> choice;
}
cout << "Bye!\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
/*
int main()
{
char ch;
int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0,uCnt=0;
while (cin >> ch)
{
switch (ch)
{
case 'a':
++aCnt;
break;
case'e':
++eCnt;
break;
case'i':
++iCnt;
break;
case'o':
++oCnt;
break;
case'u':
++uCnt;
break;
}
}
cout << "Number of vowel a:\t" << aCnt << '\n';
cout << "Number of vowel e:\t" << eCnt << '\n';
cout << "Number of vowel i:\t" << iCnt << '\n';
cout << "Number of vowel o:\t" << oCnt << '\n';
cout << "Number of vowel u:\t" << uCnt << '\n';
return 0;
}
*/
void showmenu()
{
cout << "Please enter 1,2,3,4,or 5:\n"
"1) alarm 2) report\n"
"3) alibi 4) comfort\n"
"5) quit\n";
}
void report()
{
cout << "It's been an excellent week for bussiness.\n"
"Sales are up 120%.Expenses are down 35%.\n";
}
void comfort()
{
cout << "Your employees think you are the finest CEO\n"
"in the industry.The board of directors think\n"
"you are the finest CEO in the industry .\n";
}
*/
if else 和switch区别
- if else :真/假值 ；关系式； 逻辑表达式 ；浮点值
- switch:整数值、字符、字符串；多整数值判断；多字符串判断
break和continue语句
//jump.cpp--using continue and break
#include<iostream>
const int ArSize = 80;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char line[ArSize];
int spaces = 0;
cout << "Enter a line of text :\n";
cin.get(line, ArSize);
cout << "Complete line :\n" << line << endl;
cout << "Line through first period:\n";
for (int i = 0;line[i] != '\0';i++)
{
cout << line[i];//display character
if (line[i] == '.')//quit if it's a period //句点
break;//当有两个for循环时 打断里面的循环 不能打断外边的循环
if (line[i] != ' ');//skip rest of loop if 成立时continue后面的cout << "\n" << spaces;spaces++;跳过
continue;
cout << "\n" << spaces;
spaces++;
}
cout << "\n" << spaces << "spaces\n";
cout << "Done.\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
/*int sum = 0;
int i = 1;
while (i <= 4)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
i++;
continue;//if 成立时continue后面的cout << "i" << i << endl;跳过
cout << "i" << i << endl;
}
sum += i;
i++;
}
*/
return 0;
}
读取数字的循环
//cinfish.cpp--non-numeric input terminates loop
#include<iostream>
const int Max = 5;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
//get data
double fish[Max];
cout << "Please enter the weights of your fish.\n";
cout << "You may enter up to" << Max
<< "fish <q to terminate>.\n";
cout << "fish #1:";
int i = 0;
while (i<Max && cin >> fish[i]) {//逻辑AND //输入q结束输入quit
if (i++ < Max)
cout << "fish#" << i + 1 << ":";
}
//calculate average
double total = 0.0;
for (int j = 0;j < i;j++)
total += fish[j];
//report results
if (i == 0)
cout << total / i << "=average weight of"
<< i << "fish\n";
cout << "Done.\n";
return 0;
}
读取数字循环(重置cin)
//cingolf.cpp--no-numeric input skipped
#include<iostream>
const int Max = 5;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
//get data
int golf[Max];
cout << "Please enter your golf scores.\n";
cout << "You must enter " << Max << "rounds.\n";
int i;
for (i = 0;i < Max;i++)
{
cout << "round#" << i + 1 << ":";
while (!(cin >> golf[i])) {
cin.clear();//reset input重置输入
while (cin.get() != '\n')//cin.get()读取行尾之前的所有输入，删除这一行中错误输入
continue;//get rid of bad input
cout << "please enter a number:";
}
}
//calculate average
double total = 0.0;
for (i = 0;i < Max;i++)
total += golf[i];
//report results
cout << total / Max << "=average score"
<< Max << "rounds\n";
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
写入到文本文件中
//outfile.cpp--writing to a file
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>//for file I/O
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char automobile[50];
int year;
double a_price;
double d_price;
ofstream outFile;//creat object for output 创建好ofstream对象outFile
outFile.open("carinfo.txt");//associate with a file 在同一目录下 把输出的内容保存在carinfo.txt中
cout << "Enter the make and model of automobile: ";
cin.getline(automobile, 50);
cout << "Enter the model year:";
cin >> year;
cout << "Enter the original asking price:";
cin >> a_price;
d_price = 0.913 * a_price;
//display information on screen with cout
cout << fixed;
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
cout << "Make and model:" << automobile << endl;
cout << "Year:" << year << endl;
cout << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
cout << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl;
//now do exact same thing using outFile instead of cout（把cout 换成outFile）
outFile << fixed;
outFile.precision(2);
outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
outFile << "Make and model:" << automobile << endl;
outFile << "Year :" << year << endl;
outFile << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
outFile << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl;
outFile.close();//不需要用文件名作为参数
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
return 0;
}
打开文件txt 读取内容
//outfile.cpp--writing to a file
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>//for file I/O
int main()
{
using namespace std;
/*
char automobile[50];
int year;
double a_price;
double d_price;
ofstream outFile;//输出文件流creat object for output 创建好ofstream对象outFile
outFile.open("carinfo.txt");//associate with a file 在同一目录下 把输出的内容保存在carinfo.txt中
cout << "Enter the make and model of automobile: ";
cin.getline(automobile, 50);
cout << "Enter the model year:";
cin >> year;
cout << "Enter the original asking price:";
cin >> a_price;
d_price = 0.913 * a_price;
//display information on screen with cout
cout << fixed;
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
cout << "Make and model:" << automobile << endl;
cout << "Year:" << year << endl;
cout << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
cout << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl;
//now do exact same thing using outFile instead of cout（把cout 换成outFile）
//往文件carinfo.txt里写字
outFile << fixed;
outFile.precision(2);
outFile.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
outFile << "Make and model:" << automobile << endl;
outFile << "Year :" << year << endl;
outFile << "Was asking $" << a_price << endl;
outFile << "Now asking $" << d_price << endl;
outFile.close();//不需要用文件名作为参数 关闭文件
//cin.get();
//cin.get();
*/
string file("one.txt");//注意文件one 保存时 文件名 不加后缀
//绑定文件
//ifstream infile(file.c_str());c 语言风格
// ifstream infile("one.txt");c++风格
ifstream infile;//没有和一个文件绑定
infile.open(file.c_str());//绑定文件
//if(infile)打开文件成功
if (!infile) {
cerr << "error:unable to open input file:"
<< file << endl;
return -1;
}
string s;
//infile >> s;
// infile.close();//关掉one.txt
while (infile >> s)//读文件 >>流输入符
cout << s << endl;
//cout << "读到的内容是：" << s << endl;//<<流输出符号
return 0;
}
读取多个txt文件
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void process(string s)
{
cout << s << endl;
}
int main()
{
vector<string>files;
files.push_back("one.txt");
files.push_back("carinfo.txt");//这些文件得提前存在否则出错
string s;
vector<string>::const_iterator it = files.begin();
while (it != files.end())
{
ifstream input(it->c_str());
if (!input)
{
cerr << "error:can not open file:"
<< *it << endl;
input.clear();//清除流
++it;
continue;
}
while (input >> s)
process(s);
input.close();
++it;
}
return 0;
}
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