Comparable是个排序接口,若一个类实现了该接口,那么该类的数组和列表就可以通过Collections.sort或Arrays.sort进行自动排序。该接口中的只有一个compareTo(T o)方法:
public interface Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T o);
}
实现该接口的类通过重写该方法来定义该类的排序方式;下面我们就通过一个简单的例子来了解下该类的使用。
首先我们定义一个没有实现该方法的实体类Person
public class Person {
private int age;
private String name;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Person() {
}
public Person(int age, String name) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
然后写一个测试类来测试当前Person是否支持排序:
public class ComparableTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person[] persons = new Person[]{new Person(10, "张三"),new Person(15, "李四"),new Person(5, "王五")};
System.out.println("排序前");
for(Person p : persons){
System.out.println(p.toString());
}
Arrays.sort(persons);//实现Comparable接口后可以通过sort方法来自动排序
System.out.println("排序后");
for(Person p : persons){
System.out.println(p.toString());
}
}
}
执行结果为:
排序前
Person{age=10, name='张三'}
Person{age=15, name='李四'}
Person{age=5, name='王五'}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: XXXXXXXXX.Person cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable
at java.util.ComparableTimSort.countRunAndMakeAscending(ComparableTimSort.java:320)
at java.util.ComparableTimSort.sort(ComparableTimSort.java:188)
at java.util.Arrays.sort(Arrays.java:1246)
at XXXXXXXXX..ComparableTest.main(ComparableTest.java:13)
Process finished with exit code 1
报错java.lang.ClassCastException:Person cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable.大致意思是说Person类没有实现java.lang.Comparable接口。
下面我们修改下Person类使其实现Comparable类:
public class Person implements Comparable<Person>{
private int age;
private String name;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Person() {
}
public Person(int age, String name) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Person o) {
return this.getAge()-o.getAge();
}
然后我们看下测试结果:
排序前
Person{age=10, name='张三'}
Person{age=15, name='李四'}
Person{age=5, name='王五'}
排序后
Person{age=5, name='王五'}
Person{age=10, name='张三'}
Person{age=15, name='李四'}
Process finished with exit code 0
这里是定义其按照年龄升序排序的,你也可以让其降序排序:只需要修改Person中的compareTo(Person 0)方法。具体如下:
//修改前(按照年龄升序)
@Override
public int compareTo(Person o) {
return this.getAge()-o.getAge();
}
//修改后(按照年龄降序)
@Override
public int compareTo(Person o) {
return o.getAge()-this.getAge();
}
修改后的测试结果如下:
排序前
Person{age=10, name='张三'}
Person{age=15, name='李四'}
Person{age=5, name='王五'}
排序后
Person{age=15, name='李四'}
Person{age=10, name='张三'}
Person{age=5, name='王五'}