Java比较器-Comparable

在Java中经常会涉及到对象数组的排序问题，就会涉及到对象之间的比较问题。

Java实现对象排序的方式有两种：

• 自然排序：Comparable
• 定制排序：Comparator

1、Comparable 自然排序

Comparable接口强行对实现它的每个类的对象进行整体排序，实现Comparable的类必须实现compareTo(Object obj)方法，返回int类型，如果当前对象this大于形参obj对象，返回正整数，如果当前对象this小于形参obj对象，返回负整数，等于就返回0.

public interface Comparable<T> {
    public int compareTo(T o);
}

在实现Comparable接口的对象列表（数组）可以通过Collections.sort 或者（Arrays.sort）进行自动排序。在String、包装类等都实现了Comparable接口。

代码演示：根据对象的年龄来排序

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * Comparable 接口的使用比较对象的具体属性
 */
public class ComparableTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student("李四", 12);
        Student s2 = new Student("张三", 10);
        Student s3 = new Student("李富贵", 40);
        Student s4 = new Student("李文", 30);
        List<Student> list =  new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(s1);
        list.add(s2);
        list.add(s3);
        list.add(s4);
        Collections.sort(list);
        for (Student student : list) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }

}
class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {
        return getAge()-o.getAge();
    }
}

运行截图： 默认是从小到大排序

 

对于String、包装类的自然排序：

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String []str = new String[]{"AA","D","TT","FF"};
        Arrays.sort(str);
        for (String s : str) {
            System.out.print(s+"  ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        Integer []integers = new Integer[]{1,2,3,10,1,23};
        Arrays.sort(integers);
        for (Integer integer : integers) {
            System.out.print(integer+"  ");
        }
    }
}

运行截图：String、Integer包装类都实现了Comparable接口。

 

2、 Comparator  定制排序

当元素的类型没有实现Comparable接口，不好修改代码时或者Comparable接口比较的规则不适合当前的操作，强行对两个对象进行排序。可以考虑Comparator接口。

重写compare（Object o1，Object o2）方法，如果返回正整数，表示o1大于o2，如果返回负整数，表示o1小于o2；返回0则表示o1等于o2.

public interface Comparator<T> {
    //还有其他静态方法
    int compare(T o1, T o2);
}

在实现Comparator接口的对象列表（数组）可以通过Collections.sort 或者（Arrays.sort）进行自动排序。在String、包装类等都实现了Comparator接口。

代码演示：

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class TestComareT {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Teacher t1 = new Teacher(10000, "lisi", "男");
        Teacher t2 = new Teacher(12000, "zs", "女");
        Teacher t3 = new Teacher(10300, "ww", "男");

        List<Teacher> teachers = new ArrayList<>();
        teachers.add(t1);
        teachers.add(t2);
        teachers.add(t3);

        Collections.sort(teachers, new Comparator<Teacher>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Teacher o1, Teacher o2) {
                if (o1.getWages() - o2.getWages() > 0) {
                    return -1;
                }
                if (o1.getWages() - o2.getWages() < 0) {
                    return 1;
                }
                return 0;
            }
        });
        for (Teacher teacher : teachers) {
            System.out.println(teacher);
        }

    }
}
class Teacher {
    private double wages;
    private String name;
    private String sex;

    public Teacher() {
    }

    public Teacher(double wages, String name, String sex) {
        this.wages = wages;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public double getWages() {
        return wages;
    }

    public void setWages(double wages) {
        this.wages = wages;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "wages=" + wages +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

运行截图：按照工资从小到大排序

对于String、包装类的排序：

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

public class TestComparator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String []str = new String[]{"AA","D","TT","FF"};
        Arrays.sort(str, new Comparator<String>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                return - o1.compareTo(o2);//从大到小排序
            }
        });
        for (String s : str) {
            System.out.print(s+" ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        Integer []integers = new Integer[]{1,2,3,10,1,23};
        Arrays.sort(integers, new Comparator<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
                return  - o1.compareTo(o2);//从大到小排序
            }
        });
        for (Integer integer : integers) {
            System.out.print(integer+" ");
        }
    }
}

运行截图：