LeetCode-033-搜索旋转排序数组

给你一个整数数组 nums ，和一个整数 target 。

该整数数组原本是按升序排列，但输入时在预先未知的某个点上进行了旋转。（例如，数组 [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] 可能变为 [4,5,6,7,0,1,2] ）。

请你在数组中搜索 target ，如果数组中存在这个目标值，则返回它的索引，否则返回 -1 。

示例 1：

输入：nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
输出：4
示例 2：

输入：nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
输出：-1
示例 3：

输入：nums = [1], target = 0
输出：-1

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/search-in-rotated-sorted-array

解题思路
采用二分法的思想, 并结合旋转数组的特性, 在[left, mid]和[mid, right]中找出哪一段是递增的
并利用递增的特性判断目标数是否在该递增区间

每轮找出中间数值, 如果左端的数小于中间的数, 则该[left, mid]是递增区间
如果目标刚好在该递增区间内, 则区间右端指针往中间移动
不在该区间内则左端指针往中间移动
另一种情况就是递增区间在[mid, right]
如果目标刚好在该递增区间内, 则区间左端指针往中间移动
不在该区间则右端指针往中间移动
跳出循环后需要判断左边界的值是否等于目标值, 因为循环中更新查找区间时可能左右指针重叠然后跳出循环, 如果指针所指刚好是目标值, 则需要单独处理
代码

class Solution {
public int search(int[] nums, int target) {
// 左右指针
int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;
while (i < j) {
// 中间指针
int mid = (i + j) >> 1;
// 中间数等于目标时返回
if (nums[mid] == target) {
return mid;
}
// 如果左端的数小于中间的数, 则该区间是递增区间
if (nums[i] <= nums[mid]) {
// 如果目标刚好在递增区间内
if (nums[i] <= target && target < nums[mid]) {
// 区间右端往中间移动
j = mid - 1;
} else { // 不在递增区间内则左端往中间移动
i = mid + 1;
}
} else { // 递增区间在右边
// 如果目标在递增区间内
if (nums[mid] < target && target <= nums[j]) {
i = mid + 1;
} else {
j = mid - 1;
}
}
}
return nums[i] == target ? i : -1;
}
}

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