Docker入门篇2.1 · 常用命令

Docker常用命令

初始命令

# 获取系统信息
cat /etc/os-release  

#1.卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine

#2.需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils

#3.设置镜像的仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#默认是从国外的，不推荐

#推荐使用国内的
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

#更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast

#4.安装docker相关的 docker-ce 社区版 而ee是企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

#5.启动docker
systemctl start docker

#6. 使用docker version查看是否安装成功
docker version

#7. 测试
docker run hello-world

#8.卸载
# 卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
# /var/lib/docker 是docker的默认工作路径！

帮助命令

docker version # 版本信息
docker info    # 详细系统信息
docker --help  # 万能命令

镜像命令

docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search 搜索镜像
docker pull 下载镜像 docker image pull
docker rmi 删除镜像 docker image rm

镜像信息

$ docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 weeks ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源
TAG        # 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   # 镜像的id
CREATED    # 镜像的创建时间
SIZE       # 镜像的大小

# 可选项
Options:
-a, --all   Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id

镜像查找

$ docker search xxx(mysql)
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10665     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3997      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   779                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   528       [OK]       
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   87                   
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   80                   

# 可选项
Options:
--filter=STARS=3000   #搜索出来的STARS大于3000

镜像下载

# 下载镜像 
docker pull 镜像名
docker pull 镜像名[:tag]


$ docker pull tomcat:8
8: Pulling from library/tomcat   # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
90fe46dd8199: Already exists     # 分层下载：docker image的核心 联合文件系统
35a4f1977689: Already exists
bbc37f14aded: Already exists
74e27dc593d4: Already exists
93a01fbfad7f: Already exists
1478df405869: Pull complete
64f0dd11682b: Pull complete
68ff4e050d11: Pull complete
f576086003cf: Pull complete
3b72593ce10e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0c6234e7ec9d10ab32c06423ab829b32e3183ba5bf2620ee66de866df640a027   # 签名 防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:8
docker.io/library/tomcat:8   #真实地址

#等价于
docker pull tomcat:8
docker pull docker.io/library/tomcat:8

#指定版本下载
$ docker pull sql:5.7

删除镜像

➜ ~ docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
➜ ~ docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id#删除指定的镜像
➜ ~ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像

容器命令

docker run       # 镜像id 新建容器并启动
docker run --name="Nmae"  # 起名
docker run -d             # 后台启动
docker run -it            # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器
docker run -p             #  指定容器的端口 
	docker run -p ip:主机端口：容器端口
	docker run -p 主机端口：容器端口  （常用）
	docker run -p 容器端口
docker run -P             # 随机指定端口

===========================================================
# 列出所有运行的容器
docker ps        # 列出所有运行的容器 docker container list
docker ps -a     # 列出所有运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
docker ps -n=?   # 显示最近创建的容器（n换成数字）
docker ps -q     # 只显示容器的编号

==========================================================
# 退出容器
exit # 退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

==========================================================
# 删除容器
docker rm 容器id     # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f 容器id  # 强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   # 删除全部
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除全部

==========================================================
# 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id    #启动容器
docker restart 容器id  #重启容器
docker stop 容器id     #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id     #强制停止当前容器

示例：

# 下载centos镜像
docker pull centos

# 测试（启动并进入容器）
[root@localhost linghies]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 weeks ago    13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   3 months ago   209MB

# 启动并进入容器
[root@localhost linghies]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash

# 已进入容器
[root@68eb7ab770d1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 退出
[root@68eb7ab770d1 /]# exit
exit

其他命令

后台启动

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
➜ ~ docker run -d centos
a8f922c255859622ac45ce3a535b7a0e8253329be4756ed6e32265d2dd2fac6c
➜ ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
STATUS PORTS NAMES

# docker ps发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

# 因此必须要有一个前台
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
Ctrl+P+Q

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器

# 没有日志
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost linghies]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 123123;sleep 1;done"

[root@localhost linghies]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     
6308d4f108b2   centos    

# 显示日志
-tf      显示全部，f表示时间戳
-tail 10 表示条数
[root@localhost linghies]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 6308d4f108b2  # 指定10行

查看容器中进程信息

docker top 容器id

查看镜像的元数据

docker inspect 容器id

[root@localhost linghies]# docker inspect 630
[
    {
        "Id": "6308d4f108b20e3e9dec8ada0493a550e2f7a5b2626560731c074c62f122f332",
        "Created": "2021-03-26T14:32:40.207438623Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo 123123;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 21919,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-03-26T14:32:41.274931386Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6308d4f108b20e3e9dec8ada0493a550e2f7a5b2626560731c074c62f122f332/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6308d4f108b20e3e9dec8ada0493a550e2f7a5b2626560731c074c62f122f332/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6308d4f108b20e3e9dec8ada0493a550e2f7a5b2626560731c074c62f122f332/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6308d4f108b20e3e9dec8ada0493a550e2f7a5b2626560731c074c62f122f332/6308d4f108b20e3e9dec8ada0493a550e2f7a5b2626560731c074c62f122f332-json.log",
        "Name": "/practical_aryabhata",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/772377767dbbecf931496f863d9944b569878d44e4211f83451bd6f7ac031b00-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/56b991c95fdeaf5d9a2b07090c543c38834088bd8243bbcc2252d7cc47eea592/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/772377767dbbecf931496f863d9944b569878d44e4211f83451bd6f7ac031b00/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/772377767dbbecf931496f863d9944b569878d44e4211f83451bd6f7ac031b00/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/772377767dbbecf931496f863d9944b569878d44e4211f83451bd6f7ac031b00/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "6308d4f108b2",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo 123123;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "a91e74ad8a5c796de291660cd41efaa109d0a44b539373519812e4709d0554a4",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a91e74ad8a5c",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "d3776192551a763a2c5d08dea4f231367892b3fd0adc6e14efebd46be1f82f02",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "8bfb397531bc0447d9b077e8c48a060fa82d84a5c2006c51167cf78f4b9d7315",
                    "EndpointID": "d3776192551a763a2c5d08dea4f231367892b3fd0adc6e14efebd46be1f82f02",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell

# 方式1 --进入后打开新的终端
docker exec -it e33 /bin/bash

# 方式2 --进入正在执行的终端
docker attach 容器id

从容器内拷贝到主机上

docker cp
[root@localhost linghies]# docker cp 3568c080033d:/home/12333.c /home
# 3568c080033d:/home/12333.c为容器内文件
# /home为主机目录