java.sql.SQLException: Before start of result set的原因(ResultSet)

@org.junit.Test
    public void selectOne_by_id() throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = Utils.getConnection();
        String sql = "select * from student where student_id = ?";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, 2);
        ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //得到结果集的元素集
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();;
        //获取列数
        int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();

        for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
            System.out.println(resultSet.getObject(i));
     }
 }

刚开始运行此代码的时候就一直报这个错:  

后面查阅了相关资料才知道要把while(resultSet.next()){....}加上.

分析原因: resultSet.next()是指在游标每次向下移动一行，在关闭ResultSet之前都是继续有效的。当第一次遍历resultSet.next()的时候，游标位置在表的最上方，即处于一个空的位置。但是如果没有resultSet.next()，游标的位置则为空，所以resultSet.getObject(i)不知道是哪个位置。所以就会出现上述异常错误。 

 更正代码

@org.junit.Test
    public void selectOne_by_id() throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = Utils.getConnection();
        String sql = "select * from student where student_id = ?";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, 2);
        ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //得到结果集的元素集
        ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();;
        //获取列数
        int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
        while(resultSet.next()){
            for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
                System.out.println(resultSet.getObject(i));
            }
        }
    }

希望对大家有所帮助