ComSecHW5_椭圆曲线

T10.12

Consider the elliptic curve E₇(2,1); that is, the curve is defined by y²=x³+2x+1 with a modulus of p = 7. Determine all of the points in E₇(2,1). Hint: Start by calculating the right-hand side of the equation for all values of x.

解：
变量x自{0，1……6}取值
(0³+20+1)mod~7=1 →y = 1 或 6 mod 7
(1³+21+1)mod~7=4 →y = 5 或 2 mod 7
(2³+22+1)mod~7=6 →无解
(3³+23+1)mod~7=6 →无解
(4³+24+1)mod~7=3 →无解
(5³+25+1)mod~7=3 →无解
(6³+2*6+1)mod~7=5 →无解
得E₇(2,1)的点(0,1),(0,6),(1,2),(1,5)

T10.13

What are the negatives of the following elliptic curve points over Z₇?P = (3,5);Q = (2,5); R = (5,0).

-P=(3,-5) =(3,2);
-Q=(2,-5)=(2,2);
-R=(5,0).

T10.14

For E₁₁(1,7), consider the point G=(3,2).Compute the multiple of G from 2G through 13G.

解：
已知：(x₁,y₁)+(x₂,y₂)=(x₃,y₃),有
x₃ = λ²-x₁-x₂
y₃ = λ(x₁-x₃)-y₁
对于x₁=x₂且y₁=y₂, λ = (3x₁²+α)/2y₁
对于x₁!=x₂, λ = (y₂-y₁)/(x₂-x₁)
对于G=(3,2), α = 1，q = 11:

2G

λ = (33²+1)/4 = 7
x₃ = 7²- 3 - 3 = 43 = 10
y₃ = 7(3-10)-2 = -51 = 4
2G = (10,4)

3G

λ = (4-2)/(10-3) = 35/7 = 5
x₃ = 5²- 3 - 10 = 12 = 1
y₃ = 5*(3 - 1) - 2 = 8
3G = (1,8)

4G

λ = (8-2)/(1-3) = 72/9 = 8
x₃ = 8²- 3 - 1 = 60 = 5
y₃ = 8*(3 - 5) - 2 = 70 = 4
4G = (5,4)

5G

λ = (4 - 2)/(5 - 3) = 1
x₃ = 1²- 3 - 5 = -7 = 4
y₃ = 1*(3 - 4) - 2 = 8
5G = (4,8)

6G

λ = (8-2)/(4-3) = 6
x₃ = 6²- 3 - 4 = 29 = 7
y₃ = 6*(3 - 7) - 2 = 40 = 7
6G = (7,7)

7G

λ = (7-2)/(7-3) = 4
x₃ = 4²- 3 - 7 = 6
y₃ = 4*(3 - 6) - 2 = 30 = 8
7G = (6,8)

8G

λ = (8-2)/(6-3) = 2
x₃ = 2²- 3 - 6 = 6
y₃ = 2*(3 - 6) - 2 = 14 = 3
8G = (6,3)

9G

λ = (3-2)/(6-3) = 15
x₃ = 15²- 3 - 6 = 216 = 7
y₃ = 15*(3 - 7) - 2 = 103 = 4
9G = (7,4)

10G

λ = (4-2)/(7-3) = 6
x₃ = 6²- 3 - 7 = 26 = 4
y₃ = 6*(3 - 4) - 2 = 3
10G = (4,3)

11G

λ = (3-2)/(4-3) = 1
x₃ = 1²- 3 - 4 = 5
y₃ = 1*(3 - 5) - 2 = 7
11G = (5,7)

12G

λ = (7-2)/(5-3) = 8
x₃ = 8²- 3 - 5 = 56 = 1
y₃ = 8*(3 - 1) - 2 = 3
12G = (1,3)

13G

λ = (3-2)/(1-3) = 5
x₃ = 5²- 3 - 1 = 10
y₃ = 5*(3 - 10) - 2 = -37 = 7
13G = (10,7)