在图书馆里的图书管理系统上,人可以通过在图书管理系统上进行操作,从而实现对图书馆里的书籍进行相应的操作
于是我们可以想到去创建三个包:book
、operation
、user
包来进行图书管理系统创建
找对象 – > 创建对象 – > 使用对象
1. book包
1.1 Book类
用于描述书籍的信息
1.1.1 Book类的内容
- 书籍的基本属性:书名、作者、价格、书的类型
- 书籍的特别属性:是否被借出
1.1.2 Book类的创建
- 创建成员变量:书名、作者、价格、书的类型、是否被借出
- 创建构造方法:
boolean
不进行构造 - 创建
get
、set
方法对private
成员变量进行访问 - 创建成员方法:创建成员方法来对
是否被借出
这个变量进行访问;并且创建成员方法来对是否被借出
这个变量进行设置(赋值) - 重写
toString()
方法:用于描述书籍的具体信息
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private int price;//价格
private String type;//书的类型
private boolean isBorrowed;//是否被借出
//这里不会构造boolean类型的,默认值为false
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
((isBorrowed == true)? ",已借出" : ",未借出" )+
", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
'}';
}
}
1.2 BookList类
用于存放书籍
1.2.1 BookList类的内容
- 书架上有哪些书
- 书架上书的数目
1.2.2 BookList类的创建
- 创建成员变量:书籍数组(数组序号表示书架上书的序号)、书籍总数
- 创建构造方法:对上述两个变量进行初始化
- 创建
get
、set
方法:对变量进行访问与设置
package book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] books;
private int useSize;//记录当前书架放了几本书
public BookList() {
this.books = new Book[10];
this.books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",10,"小说");
this.books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",9,"小说");
this.books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",19,"小说");
this.useSize = 3;
}
public int getUseSize() {
return useSize;
}
public void setUseSize(int useSize) {
this.useSize = useSize;
}
public Book getBook(int pos){
return books[pos];
}
public void setBook(Book book, int pos) {
books[pos] = book;
}
}
2. operation包
明确图书管理系统可以进行哪些操作
- 查询图书
- 显示图书
- 新增图书
- 删除图书
- 借阅图书
- 归还图书
- 退出系统
2.1 IOperation接口
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
2.2 FindOperation类(查询图书)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
System.out.println("请写出你要查找图书的书名");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUseSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
System.out.println("存在这本书,信息如下:");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
//代码没有return出去,说明没有你要找的书
System.out.println("没有你要找的这本书,书名为:" + name);
}
}
2.3 ShowOperation类(显示图书)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class ShowOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("显示图书");
int currentSize = bookList.getUseSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
2.4 AddOperation类(新增图书)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("新增图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要新增图书的书名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你要新增图书的作者:");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你要新增图书的类型:");
String type = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你要新增图书的价格:");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
//此时可以构造出一个书的对象
int currentSize = bookList.getUseSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book tmp = bookList.getBook(i);
if (tmp.getName().equals(name)) {
System.out.println("存在这本书,不能重复添加:");
return;
}
}
//没有重复的书,开始新增
bookList.setBook(book,currentSize);
bookList.setUseSize(currentSize + 1);
}
}
2.5 DelOperation类(删除图书)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
System.out.println("请写出你要删除图书的书名");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUseSize();
int index = -1;
int i = 0;
for (; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
index = i;
break;//记录下来了要删除图书的位置
}
}
//
if(i >= currentSize){
System.out.println("没有你要删除的图书!");
return;
}
//删除的逻辑就是移动数据进行覆盖
for (int j = index; j < currentSize - 1 ; j++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);
bookList.setBook(book, j);
}
bookList.setBook(null,currentSize-1);
//对象什么时候被回收?
//这是一个复杂的问题,但是简单情况下可以理解,当这个对象没有人再使用的时候,就会被回收
//这个对象没有人引用的时候就会被回收
bookList.setUseSize(currentSize - 1);
}
}
2.6 BorrowOperation类(借阅图书)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要借阅图书的书名");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUseSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)){
book.setBorrowed(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要借阅的图书: " + name );
}
}
2.7 ReturnOperation类(归还图书)
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还图书的书名");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentSize = bookList.getUseSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)){
book.setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书: " + name );
}
}
2.8 ExitOperation类(退出系统)
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出系统");
//应该要对booklist资源手动回收
System.exit(0);
}
}
3. user包
类型 | 操作 |
---|---|
管理员(AdminUser) | 查找图书、新增图书、删除图书、显示图书、退出系统 |
用户(NormalUser) | 查找图书、借阅图书、归还图书、退出系统 |
3.1 User抽象类
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
//this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
IOperation iOperation = this.iOperations[choice];
iOperation.work(bookList);
}
}
3.2 AdminUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new ShowOperation()
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("********管理员菜单********");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("************************");
System.out.println("请输入你的操作: ");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
3.3 NormalUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("*******普通用户菜单*******");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("************************");
System.out.println("请输入你的操作: ");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
4. main
import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User login() {
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名: ");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份: 1.管理员 2.普通用户 -->");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if(choice == 1){
return new AdminUser(name);
}else {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
//此时这个user到底指向的是管理员对象还是普通用户对象是不知道的
//user = new AdminUser(name);
//user = new NormalUser(name);
User user = login();
while (true) {
int choice = user.menu();
//根据你菜单返回的choice来执行对应的操作
user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
}
}
}
运行结果
请输入你的姓名:
胖了你都蹲不下来撸猫
请输入你的身份: 1.管理员 2.普通用户 -->
1
********管理员菜单********
1.查找图书
2.新增图书
3.删除图书
4.显示图书
0.退出系统
************************
请输入你的操作:
4
显示图书
Book{name='三国演义', author='罗贯中', price=10, type='小说',未借出, isBorrowed=false}
Book{name='西游记', author='吴承恩', price=9, type='小说',未借出, isBorrowed=false}
Book{name='红楼梦', author='曹雪芹', price=19, type='小说',未借出, isBorrowed=false}
********管理员菜单********
1.查找图书
2.新增图书
3.删除图书
4.显示图书
0.退出系统
************************
请输入你的操作:
3
删除图书
请写出你要删除图书的书名
红楼梦
********管理员菜单********
1.查找图书
2.新增图书
3.删除图书
4.显示图书
0.退出系统
************************
请输入你的操作:
4
显示图书
Book{name='三国演义', author='罗贯中', price=10, type='小说',未借出, isBorrowed=false}
Book{name='西游记', author='吴承恩', price=9, type='小说',未借出, isBorrowed=false}
********管理员菜单********
1.查找图书
2.新增图书
3.删除图书
4.显示图书
0.退出系统
************************
请输入你的操作:
0
退出系统
Process finished with exit code 0