Docker的常用命令

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令

帮助文档的地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandine/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@localhost centos]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB

#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的id
CREATED    镜像的创建时间
SIZE	   镜像的大小

#可选项				#列出所有镜像
-a, --all             #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet           #只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@localhost centos]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10910     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4119      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   810                  [OK]

#可选项,通过搜索来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000	#搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

docker pull 下载镜像

#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost centos]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写 tag,默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Pull complete 	#分层下载:docker,image的核心 联合文件系统
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 	
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 
16415d159dfb: Pull complete 
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete 
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete 
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969	#签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址

#指定版本下载
docker pull mysql:5.7

docker r m i 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id ... #删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d			 后台运行
-it			 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p			 指定容器的端口 
	-p ip 主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-p			  随机指定端口

#测试,启动并进入容器
[root@localhost centos]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@589b6ca421fd /]# ls #查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令都是不完善的

#从容器中退回主机
[root@589b6ca421fd /]# eit
exit

列出所有运行中的容器

#docker ps 命令
	# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a	# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?	#显示最近床的容器
-q	#	只显示容器的编号

[root@localhost centos]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
589b6ca421fd   centos        "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             exciting_antonelli
fe82a1ab4f53   hello-world   "/hello"      3 hours ago     Exited (0) 3 hours ago               hungry_yonath

推出容器

exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id				#删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		#启动容器
docker restart 容器id		#重启容器
docker stop 容器id		#停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id		#强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost centos]# docker run -d centos

#问题docker ps,发现centos停止了

#常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进行,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志

#显示日志
-tf 		#显示日志
-tail number #显示日志条数
docker logs -tf -tail 10 id

查看容器中进程信息

top命令
#命令 docker top 容器id

查看镜像的元数据

#命令
docker inspect 容器id


[root@localhost centos]# docker inspect 589b6ca421fd 
[
    {
        "Id": "589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4",
        "Created": "2021-05-24T15:00:51.401276605Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-05-24T15:00:54.575081956Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-05-24T15:03:07.849442165Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4/589b6ca421fd1dda7e06702d4a937c700c409a995b913303533eb675d804cbb4-json.log",
        "Name": "/exciting_antonelli",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9d8556057bc4d6d9b85e1b62b813168851b988d45b6e0bea53f4c17eb40129a3/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09452d02b7c485f3a5b22ce9f8ef3d5213d2f71a5dd5dfc47733303a14c45d2b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "589b6ca421fd",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "39fb81a0cd27df85bf3616110e3fb0528f1b606117f38463656923c26e02616b",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/39fb81a0cd27",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "c5f332ca5a0447e28ed4ea2c733368c1b4833f99e750e6268b62feb7ec35832c",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

#方式二
docker attach 容器id


docker exec #进入容器后开一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程

从容器拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 	目的地主机路径

#进入docker容器内部
[root@localhost centos]# docker run -it centos
[root@0aeb949649da /]# cd /home
[root@0aeb949649da home]# ls
#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@0aeb949649da home]# touch test.java
[root@0aeb949649da home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost centos]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
0aeb949649da   centos        "/bin/bash"   39 seconds ago       Exited (0) 12 seconds ago             dazzling_chaum
fa8d83d4da81   centos        "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 58 seconds ago             sad_tu
6c66b32d0c59   centos        "/bin/bash"   55 minutes ago       Exited (0) 54 minutes ago             condescending_leakey
589b6ca421fd   centos        "/bin/bash"   13 hours ago         Exited (0) 13 hours ago               exciting_antonelli
fe82a1ab4f53   hello-world   "/hello"      16 hours ago         Exited (0) 16 hours ago               hungry_yonath

#将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@localhost centos]# docker cp 0aeb949649da:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost centos]# ls
dump.rdb  temp-3255.rdb  公共  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
[root@localhost centos]# cd home
bash: cd: home: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@localhost centos]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
centos  mysql  mytest  test.java


#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v卷的技术,可以实现,自动同步

Docker安装Nginx

#1、搜索镜像 search
#2、下载镜像 pull
#3、运行测试
[root@localhost home]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx         latest    f0b8a9a54136   12 days ago    133MB
mysql         latest    c0cdc95609f1   12 days ago    556MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   5 months ago   209MB

#	-d后台运行
#	-p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
[root@localhost home]# firewall-cmd --zone=public -add-port=80/tcp --permanent
usage: see firewall-cmd man page
firewall-cmd: error: unrecognized arguments: -add-port=80/tcp
[root@localhost home]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost home]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost home]# docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx
3d937ac00c68322cbf177dff62da28627d738fe4602405243e6fd7669d4412f0
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
3d937ac00c68   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   12 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   kind_shannon
[root@localhost home]# curl localhost:80

#进入nginx
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash
Error: No such container: nginx
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it kind_shannon /bin/bash
root@3d937ac00c68:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@3d937ac00c68:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d		koi-utf  mime.types  nginx.conf   uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params	koi-win  modules     scgi_params  win-utf

思考问题:每次改动nginx配置文件,都需要进入容器内部,十分麻烦,我们要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径,达到在容器修改文件名,容器内部就可以自动修改,-v 数据卷

Docker装Tomcat

#官方的使用
docker run -it -rm tomcat:9.0

#我们之前的启动都是后台,停止了容器之后,容器还是可以查到	docker run -it --rm,一般用来测试,用完就删除

#下载在启动
docker pull tomcat
#启动运行
docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat


#测试访问没有问题

#进入容器
[root@localhost home]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash

#发现问题:1、linux命令少了,2、没有webapps,阿里云镜像的原因,默认是最小的镜像,所有不必要的全都删除

思考问题:我们以后要部署项目,如果每次都要进入容器是不是十分麻烦,我要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径,webapps,我们在外部放置项目,就自动同步到内部就好了!

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