目录
一、四大负载均衡策略
1.随机负载
随机挑选目标服务器IP
2.轮询负载
ABC三台服务器,ABCABC依次轮询
3.加权负载
给目标设置访问权重,按照权重轮询
4.一致性hash负载
请求固定URL访问指定IP
二.具体实现
1.随机负载
random.go
package load_balance
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"strings"
)
type RandomBalance struct {
curIndex int
rss []string
}
func (r *RandomBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
if len(params) == 0 {
return errors.New("param len 1 at least")
}
addr := params[0]
r.rss = append(r.rss, addr)
return nil
}
func (r *RandomBalance) Next() string {
if len(r.rss) == 0 {
return ""
}
r.curIndex = rand.Intn(len(r.rss))
return r.rss[r.curIndex]
}
func (r *RandomBalance) Get(key string) (string, error) {
return r.Next(), nil
}
func (r *RandomBalance) SetConf(conf LoadBalanceConf) {
r.conf = conf
}
func (r *RandomBalance) Update() {
if conf, ok := r.conf.(*LoadBalanceZkConf); ok {
fmt.Println("Update get conf:", conf.GetConf())
r.rss = []string{}
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
r.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
if conf, ok := r.conf.(*LoadBalanceCheckConf); ok {
fmt.Println("Update get conf:", conf.GetConf())
r.rss = nil
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
r.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
}
测试类 random_test.go
package load_balance
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func TestRandomBalance(t *testing.T) {
rb := &RandomBalance{}
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2003") //0
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2004") //1
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2005") //2
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2006") //3
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2007") //4
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
}
2.轮询负载
round_robin.go
package load_balance
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"strings"
)
type RoundRobinBalance struct {
curIndex int
rss []string
}
func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
if len(params) == 0 {
return errors.New("param len 1 at least")
}
addr := params[0]
r.rss = append(r.rss, addr)
return nil
}
func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Next() string {
if len(r.rss) == 0 {
return ""
}
lens := len(r.rss) //5
if r.curIndex >= lens {
r.curIndex = 0
}
curAddr := r.rss[r.curIndex]
r.curIndex = (r.curIndex + 1) % lens
return curAddr
}
func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Get(key string) (string, error) {
return r.Next(), nil
}
func (r *RoundRobinBalance) SetConf(conf LoadBalanceConf) {
r.conf = conf
}
func (r *RoundRobinBalance) Update() {
if conf, ok := r.conf.(*LoadBalanceZkConf); ok {
fmt.Println("Update get conf:", conf.GetConf())
r.rss = []string{}
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
r.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
if conf, ok := r.conf.(*LoadBalanceCheckConf); ok {
fmt.Println("Update get conf:", conf.GetConf())
r.rss = nil
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
r.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
}
测试类 round_robin_test.go
package load_balance
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func Test_main(t *testing.T) {
rb := &RoundRobinBalance{}
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2003") //0
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2004") //1
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2005") //2
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2006") //3
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2007") //4
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
}
3.加权负载
weight_round_robin.go
package load_balance
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
type WeightRoundRobinBalance struct {
curIndex int
rss []*WeightNode
rsw []int
}
type WeightNode struct {
addr string
weight int //权重值
currentWeight int //节点当前权重
effectiveWeight int //有效权重
}
func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Add(params ...string) error {
if len(params) != 2 {
return errors.New("param len need 2")
}
parInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(params[1], 10, 64)
if err != nil {
return err
}
node := &WeightNode{addr: params[0], weight: int(parInt)}
node.effectiveWeight = node.weight
r.rss = append(r.rss, node)
return nil
}
func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Next() string {
total := 0
var best *WeightNode
for i := 0; i < len(r.rss); i++ {
w := r.rss[i]
//step 1 统计所有有效权重之和
total += w.effectiveWeight
//step 2 变更节点临时权重为的节点临时权重+节点有效权重
w.currentWeight += w.effectiveWeight
//step 3 有效权重默认与权重相同,通讯异常时-1, 通讯成功+1,直到恢复到weight大小
if w.effectiveWeight < w.weight {
w.effectiveWeight++
}
//step 4 选择最大临时权重点节点
if best == nil || w.currentWeight > best.currentWeight {
best = w
}
}
if best == nil {
return ""
}
//step 5 变更临时权重为 临时权重-有效权重之和
best.currentWeight -= total
return best.addr
}
func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Get(key string) (string, error) {
return r.Next(), nil
}
func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) SetConf(conf LoadBalanceConf) {
r.conf = conf
}
func (r *WeightRoundRobinBalance) Update() {
if conf, ok := r.conf.(*LoadBalanceZkConf); ok {
fmt.Println("WeightRoundRobinBalance get conf:", conf.GetConf())
r.rss = nil
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
r.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
if conf, ok := r.conf.(*LoadBalanceCheckConf); ok {
fmt.Println("WeightRoundRobinBalance get conf:", conf.GetConf())
r.rss = nil
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
r.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
}
测试类 weight_round_robin_test.go
package load_balance
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func TestLB(t *testing.T) {
rb := &WeightRoundRobinBalance{}
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2003", "4") //0
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2004", "3") //1
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2005", "2") //2
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
fmt.Println(rb.Next())
}
4.一致性hash负载
consistent_hash.go
package load_balance
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"hash/crc32"
"sort"
"strconv"
"strings"
"sync"
)
type Hash func(data []byte) uint32
type UInt32Slice []uint32
func (s UInt32Slice) Len() int {
return len(s)
}
func (s UInt32Slice) Less(i, j int) bool {
return s[i] < s[j]
}
func (s UInt32Slice) Swap(i, j int) {
s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}
type ConsistentHashBanlance struct {
mux sync.RWMutex
hash Hash
replicas int //复制因子
keys UInt32Slice //已排序的节点hash切片
hashMap map[uint32]string //节点哈希和Key的map,键是hash值,值是节点key
}
func NewConsistentHashBanlance(replicas int, fn Hash) *ConsistentHashBanlance {
m := &ConsistentHashBanlance{
replicas: replicas,
hash: fn,
hashMap: make(map[uint32]string),
}
if m.hash == nil {
//最多32位,保证是一个2^32-1环
m.hash = crc32.ChecksumIEEE
}
return m
}
// 验证是否为空
func (c *ConsistentHashBanlance) IsEmpty() bool {
return len(c.keys) == 0
}
// Add 方法用来添加缓存节点,参数为节点key,比如使用IP
func (c *ConsistentHashBanlance) Add(params ...string) error {
if len(params) == 0 {
return errors.New("param len 1 at least")
}
addr := params[0]
c.mux.Lock()
defer c.mux.Unlock()
// 结合复制因子计算所有虚拟节点的hash值,并存入m.keys中,同时在m.hashMap中保存哈希值和key的映射
for i := 0; i < c.replicas; i++ {
hash := c.hash([]byte(strconv.Itoa(i) + addr))
c.keys = append(c.keys, hash)
c.hashMap[hash] = addr
}
// 对所有虚拟节点的哈希值进行排序,方便之后进行二分查找
sort.Sort(c.keys)
return nil
}
// Get 方法根据给定的对象获取最靠近它的那个节点
func (c *ConsistentHashBanlance) Get(key string) (string, error) {
if c.IsEmpty() {
return "", errors.New("node is empty")
}
hash := c.hash([]byte(key))
// 通过二分查找获取最优节点,第一个"服务器hash"值大于"数据hash"值的就是最优"服务器节点"
idx := sort.Search(len(c.keys), func(i int) bool { return c.keys[i] >= hash })
// 如果查找结果 大于 服务器节点哈希数组的最大索引,表示此时该对象哈希值位于最后一个节点之后,那么放入第一个节点中
if idx == len(c.keys) {
idx = 0
}
c.mux.RLock()
defer c.mux.RUnlock()
return c.hashMap[c.keys[idx]], nil
}
func (c *ConsistentHashBanlance) SetConf(conf LoadBalanceConf) {
c.conf = conf
}
func (c *ConsistentHashBanlance) Update() {
if conf, ok := c.conf.(*LoadBalanceZkConf); ok {
fmt.Println("Update get conf:", conf.GetConf())
c.keys = nil
c.hashMap = nil
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
c.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
if conf, ok := c.conf.(*LoadBalanceCheckConf); ok {
fmt.Println("Update get conf:", conf.GetConf())
c.keys = nil
c.hashMap = map[uint32]string{}
for _, ip := range conf.GetConf() {
c.Add(strings.Split(ip, ",")...)
}
}
}
测试类 consistent_hash_test.go
package load_balance
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func TestNewConsistentHashBanlance(t *testing.T) {
rb := NewConsistentHashBanlance(10, nil)
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2003") //0
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2004") //1
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2005") //2
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2006") //3
rb.Add("127.0.0.1:2007") //4
//url hash
fmt.Println(rb.Get("http://127.0.0.1:2002/base/getinfo"))
fmt.Println(rb.Get("http://127.0.0.1:2002/base/error"))
fmt.Println(rb.Get("http://127.0.0.1:2002/base/getinfo"))
fmt.Println(rb.Get("http://127.0.0.1:2002/base/changepwd"))
//ip hash
fmt.Println(rb.Get("127.0.0.1"))
fmt.Println(rb.Get("192.168.0.1"))
fmt.Println(rb.Get("127.0.0.1"))
}