框架：MyBatis

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一、入门

1.什么是Mybatis?

mybatis 是一个优秀的基于java的持久层框架，它内部封装了jdbc，使开发者只需要关注sql语句本身，而不需要花费精力去处理加载驱动、创建连接、创建statement等繁杂的过程。

2.MyBatis开发步骤

• 添加MyBatis的坐标
• 创建user数据表
• 编写User实体类
• 编写映射文件UserMapper.xml
• 编写核心文件SqlMapConfig.xml
• 编写测试类

举例

• 环境搭建
  • 导入MyBatis的坐标和其他相关坐标
  • 创建user数据表
  • 编写User实体
  • 编写UserMapper映射文件
  • 编写MyBatis核心文件
• 编写测试代码

导入MyBatis的坐标和其他相关坐标

<!--mybatis坐标-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql驱动坐标-->
<dependency>    
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>   
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>    
    <version>5.1.6</version>    
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试坐标-->
<dependency>    
    <groupId>junit</groupId>    
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>    
    <version>4.12</version>    
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--日志坐标-->
<dependency>    
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>    
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>    
    <version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>

编写UserMapper映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper        
	PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"        
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="userMapper">    
	<select id="findAll" resultType="com.itheima.domain.User">        
		select * from User    
	</select>
</mapper>

编写MyBatis核心文件

<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN“ "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>    
	<environments default="development">        
		<environment id="development">            
			<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>            
			<dataSource type="POOLED">                
				<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
				<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test"/>                
				<property name="username" value="root"/>
				<property name="password" value="123456"/>            
			</dataSource>        
		</environment>    
	</environments>    
	<mappers> 
		<mapper resource="com/itheima/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/> 
	</mappers>
</configuration>

3.MyBatis的映射文件概述

mybatis事务默认不提交，跟jdbc不一样！！！！需加一句：sqlSession.commit() ！！！

4. 标签

（1）environments标签

• 事务管理器（transactionManager）类型有两种
  • JDBC
  • MANAGED
• 数据源（dataSource）类型有三种
  • UNPOOLED
  • POOLED
  • JNDI

（2）mapper标签

该标签的作用是加载映射的，加载方式有如下几种

• 使用相对于类路径的资源引用：<mapper resource="org/mybatis/builder/AuthorMapper.xml"/>
• 使用完全限定资源定位符（URL）：<mapper url="file:///var/mappers/AuthorMapper.xml"/>
• 使用映射器接口实现类的完全限定类名：<mapper class="org.mybatis.builder.AuthorMapper"/>
• 将包内的映射器接口实现全部注册为映射器：<package name="org.mybatis.builder"/>

（3）Properties标签

（4）typeAliases标签

自定义别名

注意它的存放顺序

（5）typeHandlers标签

开发步骤：

• 定义转换类继承类BaseTypeHandler
• 覆盖4个未实现的方法，其中setNonNullParameter为java程序设置数据到数据库的回调方法，getNullableResult为查询时 mysql的字符串类型转换成 java的Type类型的方法

public class MyDateTypeHandler extends BaseTypeHandler<Date> {
    public void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, int i, Date date, JdbcType type) {
        preparedStatement.setString(i,date.getTime()+"");
    }
    public Date getNullableResult(ResultSet resultSet, String s) throws SQLException {
        return new Date(resultSet.getLong(s));
    }
    public Date getNullableResult(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
        return new Date(resultSet.getLong(i));
    }
    public Date getNullableResult(CallableStatement callableStatement, int i) throws SQLException {
        return callableStatement.getDate(i);
    }
}

• 在MyBatis核心配置文件中进行注册

<!--注册类型自定义转换器-->
<typeHandlers>
    <typeHandler handler="com.itheima.typeHandlers.MyDateTypeHandler"></typeHandler>
</typeHandlers>

（5）plugins标签

开发步骤：

• 导入通用PageHelper坐标

<!-- 分页助手 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
    <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
    <version>3.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.jsqlparser</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsqlparser</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

• 在mybatis核心配置文件中配置PageHelper插件

<!-- 注意：分页助手的插件  配置在通用馆mapper之前 -->
<plugin interceptor="com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper">
    <!-- 指定方言 -->
    <property name="dialect" value="mysql"/>
</plugin>

• 测试分页代码实现

@Test
public void testPageHelper(){
    //设置分页参数
    PageHelper.startPage(1,2);
    List<User> select = userMapper2.select(null);
    for(User user : select){
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

获得分页相关的其他参数

//其他分页的数据
PageInfo<User> pageInfo = new PageInfo<User>(select);
System.out.println("总条数："+pageInfo.getTotal());
System.out.println("总页数："+pageInfo.getPages());
System.out.println("当前页："+pageInfo.getPageNum());
System.out.println("每页显示长度："+pageInfo.getPageSize());
System.out.println("是否第一页："+pageInfo.isIsFirstPage());
System.out.println("是否最后一页："+pageInfo.isIsLastPage());

5.代理开发方式介绍

Mapper 接口开发需要遵循以下规范：

• Mapper.xml文件中的namespace与mapper接口的全限定名相同
• Mapper接口方法名和Mapper.xml中定义的每个statement的id相同
• Mapper接口方法的输入参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的parameterType的类型相同
• Mapper接口方法的输出参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的resultType的类型相同

编写UserMapper接口

6.MyBatis映射文件深入

动态sql语句

• 动态 SQL 之

<select id="findByCondition" parameterType="user" resultType="user">
    select * from User
    <where>
        <if test="id!=0">
            and id=#{id}
        </if>
        <if test="username!=null">
            and username=#{username}
        </if>
    </where>
</select>

• 动态 SQL 之
  • foreach标签的属性含义如下
    • collection：代表要遍历的集合元素，注意编写时不要写#{}
    • open：代表语句的开始部分
    • close：代表结束部分
    • item：代表遍历集合的每个元素，生成的变量名
    • sperator：代表分隔符

例如：SELECT * FROM USER WHERE id IN (1,2,5)。

<select id="findByIds" parameterType="list" resultType="user">
    select * from User
    <where>
        <foreach collection="array" open="id in(" close=")" item="id" separator=",">
            #{id}
        </foreach>
    </where>
</select>

SQL片段抽取

<!--抽取sql片段简化编写-->
<sql id="selectUser" select * from User</sql>
<select id="findById" parameterType="int" resultType="user">
    <include refid="selectUser"></include> where id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="findByIds" parameterType="list" resultType="user">
    <include refid="selectUser"></include>
    <where>
        <foreach collection="array" open="id in(" close=")" item="id" separator=",">
            #{id}
        </foreach>
    </where>
</select>

二、多表查询

1.没有注解

（1）一对一查询

• 一对一查询的语句：select * from orders o,user u where o.uid=u.id;
• 配置OrderMapper.xml

<resultMap id="orderMap" type="com.itheima.domain.Order">
    <result property="id" column="id"></result>
    <result property="ordertime" column="ordertime"></result>
    <result property="total" column="total"></result>
    <association property="user" javaType="com.itheima.domain.User">
        <result column="uid" property="id"></result>
        <result column="username" property="username"></result>
        <result column="password" property="password"></result>
        <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
    </association>
</resultMap>

（2）一对多查询

• 一对多查询的语句：select *,o.id oid from user u left join orders o on u.id=o.uid;
• 配置UserMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper">
    <resultMap id="userMap" type="com.itheima.domain.User">
        <result column="id" property="id"></result>
        <result column="username" property="username"></result>
        <result column="password" property="password"></result>
        <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
        <collection property="orderList" ofType="com.itheima.domain.Order">
            <result column="oid" property="id"></result>
            <result column="ordertime" property="ordertime"></result>
            <result column="total" property="total"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="findAll" resultMap="userMap">
        select *,o.id oid from user u left join orders o on u.id=o.uid
    </select>
</mapper>

（3）多对多查询

• 多对多查询的语句：select u.,r.,r.id rid from user u left join user_role ur on u.id=ur.user_id inner join role r on ur.role_id=r.id;
• 配置UserMapper.xml

<resultMap id="userRoleMap" type="com.itheima.domain.User">
    <result column="id" property="id"></result>
    <result column="username" property="username"></result>
    <result column="password" property="password"></result>
    <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
    <collection property="roleList" ofType="com.itheima.domain.Role">
        <result column="rid" property="id"></result>
        <result column="rolename" property="rolename"></result>
    </collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findAllUserAndRole" resultMap="userRoleMap">
    select u.*,r.*,r.id rid from user u left join user_role ur on u.id=ur.user_id
    inner join role r on ur.role_id=r.id
</select>

2.注解

MyBatis的常用注解 ：

• @Insert：实现新增
• @Update：实现更新
• @Delete：实现删除
• @Select：实现查询
• @Result：实现结果集封装
• @Results：可以与@Result 一起使用，封装多个结果集
• @One：实现一对一结果集封装
• @Many：实现一对多结果集封装

（1）一对一查询

• 一对一查询的语句

select * from orders;
select * from user where id=查询出订单的uid;

• 使用注解配置Mapper

public interface OrderMapper {
    @Select("select * from orders")
    @Results({
            @Result(id=true,property = "id",column = "id"),
            @Result(property = "ordertime",column = "ordertime"),
            @Result(property = "total",column = "total"),
            @Result(property = "user",column = "uid",
                    javaType = User.class,
                    one = @One(select = "com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper.findById"))
    })
    List<Order> findAll();
}
public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("select * from user where id=#{id}")
    User findById(int id); 
}

（2）一对多查询

• 一对多查询的语句

select * from user;
select * from orders where uid=查询出用户的id;

• 使用注解配置Mapper

public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("select * from user")
    @Results({
            @Result(id = true,property = "id",column = "id"),
            @Result(property = "username",column = "username"),
            @Result(property = "password",column = "password"),
            @Result(property = "birthday",column = "birthday"),
            @Result(property = "orderList",column = "id",
                    javaType = List.class,
                    many = @Many(select = "com.itheima.mapper.OrderMapper.findByUid"))
    })
    List<User> findAllUserAndOrder();
}
public interface OrderMapper {
    @Select("select * from orders where uid=#{uid}")
    List<Order> findByUid(int uid);
}

（3）多对多查询

• 多对多查询的语句

select * from user;
select * from role r,user_role ur where r.id=ur.role_id and ur.user_id=用户的id

• 使用注解配置Mapper

public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("select * from user")
    @Results({
        @Result(id = true,property = "id",column = "id"),
        @Result(property = "username",column = "username"),
        @Result(property = "password",column = "password"),
        @Result(property = "birthday",column = "birthday"),
        @Result(property = "roleList",column = "id",
                javaType = List.class,
                many = @Many(select = "com.itheima.mapper.RoleMapper.findByUid"))
})
List<User> findAllUserAndRole();}

public interface RoleMapper {
    @Select("select * from role r,user_role ur where r.id=ur.role_id and ur.user_id=#{uid}")
    List<Role> findByUid(int uid);
}

三、demo执行步骤

1.进行环境的搭建

数据库文件的配置

编写核心文件

2.数据库表的创建

3.实体类的创建

4.选择注解配置或者xml文件配置

（1）xml文件配置

（2）注解配置

就不需要上述的xml配置文件，只需要在接口文件上进行注解配置

但是在核心文件中要进行映射关系的配置

下面的案例事一对一案例

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总结

MyBatis多表配置方式

• 一对一配置：使用<resultMap>做配置
• 一对多配置：使用<resultMap>+<collection>做配置
• 多对多配置：使用<resultMap>+<collection>做配置