1、网络编程
1.1、概述
地球村:你在中国,你一个美国的朋友,能接收你的消息!
信件:
1.1.1计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
1.1.2网络编程的目的:
无线电台传播交流信息,数据交换、通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1、如何准确地定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2、找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双发地址:
●IP 192.168.1.1
●端口号
●192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
1、网络编程中有两个主要的问题
◆如何准确地定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
◆找到主机之后如何进行通信
2、网络编程中的要素
◆IP和端口号 IP
◆网络通信协议 UDP/TCP
3、万物皆对象
1.3、IP
ip地址:InetAddress
●唯一定位一台网络上计算机
●127.0.0.1:本机localhost
●ip地址的分类
◆ipv4/ipv6
■ IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。每个字节的长度0 ~ 255。42亿 ~ ;30亿都在北美,亚洲只有4亿。2011年就用尽了
■ IPV6 128位,8个无符号整数!
举例IPV6
2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1312
◆公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
■ABCD类地址
■192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
●域名:记忆IP问题!
◆IP:www.jd.com
package com.jialidun.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的主机名
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//IP
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名/或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
●不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
●被规定0~65535
●TCP,UDP:65535*2,tcp:80,udp:80可以吗?单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
●端口分类
◆公有端口:0~1023
■HTTP:80
■HTTPS:443
■FTP:21
■Telent:23
◆程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
■Tomcat:8080
■MySQL:3306
■Oracle:1521
◆ 动态、私有:49152~65535
1.netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
2.netstat -ano|findstr "端口号" #查看指定的端口,管道(过滤),查找管道左边的然后带到管道右边
3.tasklist|findstr “端口号” #查看指定端口的进程
4.Ctrl + shift + ESC #打开任务管理器
package com.jialidun.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
//
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());//地址IP
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostString());
}
}
1.5、通信协议
协议:约束,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议: 速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题: 非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
●TCP:用户传输协议
●UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
●TCP:用户传输协议
●IP:网络互联协议
TCP/UDP对比
TCP:打电话
●连接,稳定
●三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了!
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
●客户端,服务端
●传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
●不连接、不稳定
●客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
●不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
●DDOS:洪水攻击!就好比给你电脑发一大堆信息包,就会造成端口堵塞。(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package com.jialidun.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
try {
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2、创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
//3、发送消息 IO流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好,Java是世界上最好的语言!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(outputStream!=null){
try {
outputStream.close();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接,accept
3.接收用户的消息
package com.jialidun.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2、等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、读取客户端的消息
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=1){
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
//管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(byteArrayOutputStream!=null) {
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inputStream!=null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package com.jialidun.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
//1、创建服务
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、监听客户端的连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3、获取输入流
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//4、文件输出
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("E:\\Files\\RYGAR.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了!".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//5、关闭流资源
if(fileOutputStream!=null){
try {
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inputStream!=null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
客户端
package com.jialidun.lesson02;
import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.policy.privateutil.PolicyUtils;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree.TryCatchBlockNode;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
//1、创建一个Socket连接
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2、创建一个输出流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、文件流
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("E:\\image\\RYGAR.jpg");
//4、写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了!
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=is.read(buff))!=-1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buff,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//5、关闭资源
if (outputStream!=null){
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(fileInputStream != null){
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!= null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
1.6、Tomcat
服务端
自定义S
Tomcat服务器S:Java后台开发!
客户端
自定义C
浏览器B
1.7、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送端
package com.jialidun.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "Java是世界上最好的语言!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
//4、关闭流
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.jialidun.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接!
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、开放断开
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//2、接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
//3、关闭链接
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.jialidun.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
byte[] dataBytes = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(dataBytes, 0, dataBytes.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
if(data.contains("bye")){
datagramSocket.close();
break;
}
}
}
}
循环接收
package com.jialidun.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.contains("bye")){
datagramSocket.close();
break;
}
}
}
}
在线咨询:连个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
发送
package com.jialidun.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort){
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public TalkSend(){
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = bufferedReader.readLine();
byte[] dataBytes = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket =
new DatagramPacket(dataBytes, 0, dataBytes.length, new InetSocketAddress(toIP, toPort));
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
if (data.contains("bye")) {
datagramSocket.close();
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
接收
package com.jialidun.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom){
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if(receiveData.contains("bye")){
datagramSocket.close();
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
老师和学生聊天功能demo
学生
package com.jialidun.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
老师
package com.jialidun.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析,www.baidu.com xxx.xx.xx…x
协议://ip地址:端口号/项目名
测试API
package com.jialidun.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=RYGAR&passworld=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//获取协议名
System.out.println(url.getHost());//获取主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//获取端口号
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
URL下载
package com.jialidun.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m10.music.126.net/20210528201844/4009df57ae599a71580835e19f2f2944/yyaac/obj/wonDkMOGw6XDiTHCmMOi/3253346679/3b68/f95e/db6e/4099b44ccfabd4a9d772038347d20243.m4a");
//2。连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("E:\\Files\\4099b44ccfabd4a9d772038347d20243.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
//关闭资源
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}