SpringMVC04——跳转方式及数据处理，乱码处理

结果跳转方式

ModelAndView

设置ModelAndView对象 , 根据view的名称 , 和视图解析器跳到指定的页面

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
	<!--前缀-->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <!--后缀-->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

页面 : {视图解析器前缀} + viewName +{视图解析器后缀}

例如：

• 当配置了视图解析器时，只需写视图的名字

public class Controller05 implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg", "controller05");
        modelAndView.setViewName("msg");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

• 没有配置视图解析器时，需要写全称

public class Controller05 implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg", "controller05");
        modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

Servlet API

通过设置ServletAPI , 不需要配置视图解析器

1. 通过HttpServletResponse进行输出

2. 通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向

3. 通过HttpServletResponse实现转发

@Controller
public class Controller06 {

    @RequestMapping("/c6/1")
    public void test01(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write("controller06/1");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/c6/2")
    public void test02(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/c6/3")
    public void test03(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setAttribute("msg", "/c6/3");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/msg.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
}

SpringMVC

通过springMVC实现重定向和转发，可以不需要视图解析器，也可以需要视图解析器

有视图解析器

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/c8")
public class Controller08 {

    @RequestMapping("/1")
    public String test1(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "111111");
        //转发
        return "msg";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/3")
    public String test3(Model model){
        //重定向到另一个请求
        return "redirect:/c8/1";
    }

}

没有视图解析器

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/c7")
public class Controller07 {

    @RequestMapping("/1")
    public String test1(){
        //转发一
        return "/index.jsp";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/2")
    public String test2(){
        //转发二
        return "forward:/index.jsp";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/3")
    public String test3(){
        //重定向
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
}

数据处理

接收前端提交的数据

通常接收前端的数据时，只需要在处理方法中接收名称相同的参数即可，名称不相同也可以使用注解来标识

1. 提交名称和接收名称相同
   http://localhost:8080/p/1?name=abc

//参数名称一样 可以直接接收
    @RequestMapping("/p/1")
    public String test01(String name){
        System.out.println(name);
        return "msg";
    }

2. 参数名称不相同
   http://localhost:8080/p/2?username=abc

//参数名称不一样时 使用 @RequestParam 注解来转换
    @RequestMapping("/p/2")
    public String test02(@RequestParam("username") String name){
        System.out.println(name);
        return "msg";
    }

3. 接收参数是一个对象
   前端提交的参数名称必须和对象的属性名称一样，如果不一样，对象的属性就是null
   例如：
   一个User类属性 和处理方法

public class User {
    int id;
    String name;
    int age;
}

//接收参数是对象时，提交的参数名称要对应
    @RequestMapping("/p/3")
    public String test03(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "msg";
    }

• 当参数名称和属性名称对应时
  得到完整的对象

http://localhost:8080/p/3?id=1&name=wcy&age=18

User(id=1, name=wcy, age=18)

• 当参数的名称和属性名称不对应时
  不对应的属性值为null
  http://localhost:8080/p/3?uid=1&username=wcy&age=18

User(id=0, name=null, age=18)

由于id使用的是int类型，默认值是0，如果用Integer就是null

后端向前端发送数据

通过ModelAndView

public class Controller01 implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg", "Controller01");
        modelAndView.setViewName("msg");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

通过ModelMap

@RequestMapping("/p/4")
    public String test04(ModelMap modelMap){
        modelMap.addAttribute("msg", "ModelMap");
        return "msg";
    }

通过Model

@RequestMapping("/c4")
    public String test(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg", "1234");
        return "msg";
    }

Model 只有寥寥几个方法只适合用于储存数据，简化了对于Model对象的操作和理解；

ModelMap 继承了 LinkedMap ，除了实现了自身的一些方法，同样的继承 LinkedMap 的方法和特性

ModelAndView 可以在储存数据的同时，可以进行设置返回的逻辑视图，进行控制展示层的跳转

乱码处理

在接收前端的数据或者是向前端发送数据时，经常容易产生乱码

例如：

<form action="/p/5" method="post">
    <input name="name" type="text">
    <input type="submit">
</form>

@RequestMapping(value = "/p/5", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String test05(String name, ModelMap modelMap){
        System.out.println(name);
        modelMap.addAttribute("msg", name);
        return "msg";
    }

当提交的数据文中文时
后端打印的结果和前端输出都是乱码，在后端接收时，乱码就已经产生

解决方法

1. 使用springmvc自带的过滤器

<filter>
   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
   <init-param>
       <param-name>encoding</param-name>
       <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
   </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

2. 修改tomcat配置文件编码

<Connector URIEncoding="utf-8" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

3. 自定义过滤器

package com.wcy.filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器
*/
public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter {

   @Override
   public void destroy() {
  }

   @Override
   public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
       //处理response的字符编码
       HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response;
       myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

       // 转型为与协议相关对象
       HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
       // 对request包装增强
       HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
       chain.doFilter(myrequest, response);
  }

   @Override
   public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
  }

}

//自定义request对象，HttpServletRequest的包装类
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

   private HttpServletRequest request;
   //是否编码的标记
   private boolean hasEncode;
   //定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数，以便对其进行装饰
   public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
       super(request);// super必须写
       this.request = request;
  }

   // 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
   @Override
   public Map getParameterMap() {
       // 先获得请求方式
       String method = request.getMethod();
       if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
           // post请求
           try {
               // 处理post乱码
               request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
               return request.getParameterMap();
          } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
          }
      } else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
           // get请求
           Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
           if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
               for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
                   String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
                   if (values != null) {
                       for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                           try {
                               // 处理get乱码
                               values[i] = new String(values[i]
                                      .getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
                          } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                               e.printStackTrace();
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
               hasEncode = true;
          }
           return parameterMap;
      }
       return super.getParameterMap();
  }

   //取一个值
   @Override
   public String getParameter(String name) {
       Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
       String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
       if (values == null) {
           return null;
      }
       return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
  }

   //取所有值
   @Override
   public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
       Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
       String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
       return values;
  }
}

<filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.wcy.filter.GenericEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>