简易DDS信号发生器的设计与验证

于 2024-04-27 23:09:56 发布
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分类专栏： FPGA 文章标签： fpga开发 单片机 嵌入式硬件
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51133942/article/details/138140087
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1.原理

相位累加器：N表示K值位宽。K=2^N*Fout/Fclk。并且在输入相位累加器之前还进行了数据寄存，表示K值在变化的时候，不会影响相位累加器的工作。

相位调制器：寄存器的作用一样的，防止P变化影响相位调制器的正常工作。

波形数据表ROM会存储要显示的完整周期的信号。比如完整周期的正弦波信号，假如地址位宽是12位宽，数据位宽是8位宽，那么就表示有2^12=4096个地址，每个地址可以存储1B数据。对正弦波信号进行完整的存储就是沿着横轴进行等间隔采样4096次，每次 采集的信号幅值用1个字节来表示。最大值是255，最小值是0。每个存储单元都写入一个幅值，这样就把完整的正弦波信号写入到波形数据表ROM当中。然后以相位调制器传入的数据，作为ROM的读地址，然后将地址对应的幅值以数字量的形式输出。

D/A转换器将数字幅值数字量转换成模拟量，就得到了输出信号。

如果有第5部分的话，就将输出信号通过一个低通滤波器，再输出。

当K等于1时（K是不为0的整数），得到的输出时钟的频率是最小的，得出的Fout是DDS的最小分辨率。K值越大输出时钟的频率越大，但K也不是无限大的，根据采样定理，K<=2^n/2。

相位累加器得到的相位码M是如何实现寻址的功能的呢？波形数据表的位宽应该等于M位宽。如果2^N=2^M，也就是N=M，如果N很大，那么对波形数据表的存贮空间就很大，增加了技术上的要求和成本，在实际中若M！=N，一般都是使用相位累加值的高几位对ROM寻址。也就是N>M，如图，把N的高8位传给M，也就是并不是每个系统时钟都会对ROM读地址进行一次更新，而是多个时钟周期进行读地址更新，能保证相位累加器溢出时，从正弦ROM表中刚好读取的时整个正弦周期的采样点。相位累加器每计数2^N次对应一个正弦周期，相位累加器一秒钟计数的频率是系统时钟的频率，如果K等于1，输出的时钟就是频率的分辨率，控制K值增加，相位累加器溢出的值就会增加，对应的clk_out的频率就会变为K倍频率分辨率。这样就实现了频率的调节。

举个例子：M=12,D=8,N=32，那么只把N的高12位传给相位调制器，当K等于1，N的低20位每个时钟周期就加1，直到低20位全都为111...111。此时需要进位，把进位就传给M，此时低为又开始从0计数到20位都为1。ROM地址开始等于0，就是把0地址的数据读取2^20次。完成读取之后会向前进位，将1地址，读取2^20次，依次读取，ROM中4096个地址，每个地址都会读取2^20次。输出的频率应该是1/2^20，周期被扩大了2^20倍，当K=100，低20位的数据每次增加100，低20位溢出的时间会比K=1时快100倍，ROM当中一个地址读的次数就是2^20/100次，这时输出的频率就是K=1时输出频率的100倍

2.实验目标

利用外部的AD/DA板卡，设计并实现一个简易的DDS信号发生器，使用按键切换正弦波、锯齿波、方波、三角波四种波形的输出。频率相位可以在代码中调节。FPGA实现的是波形数据表ROM及其之间的部分。

最终输出有改动，在输出时钟前加了一个反相器

2.1 所有波形matlab代码

clc;                    %清除命令行命令
clear all;              %清除工作区变量,释放内存空间
F1=1;                   %信号频率
Fs=2^12;                %采样频率
P1=0;                   %信号初始相位
N=2^12;                 %采样点数
t=[0:1/Fs:(N-1)/Fs];    %采样时刻
ADC=2^7 - 1;            %直流分量
A=2^7;                  %信号幅度
s1=A*sin(2*pi*F1*t + pi*P1/180) + ADC;          %正弦波信号
s2=A*square(2*pi*F1*t + pi*P1/180) + ADC;       %方波信号
s3=A*sawtooth(2*pi*F1*t + pi*P1/180,0.5) + ADC; %三角波信号
s4=A*sawtooth(2*pi*F1*t + pi*P1/180) + ADC;     %锯齿波信号
%创建mif文件
fild = fopen('all_wave_16384x8.mif','wt');
%写入mif文件头
fprintf(fild, '%s\n','WIDTH=8;');           %位宽
fprintf(fild, '%s\n\n','DEPTH=16384;');     %深度
fprintf(fild, '%s\n','ADDRESS_RADIX=UNS;'); %地址格式
fprintf(fild, '%s\n\n','DATA_RADIX=UNS;');  %数据格式
fprintf(fild, '%s\t','CONTENT');            %地址
fprintf(fild, '%s\n','BEGIN');              %开始
for j = 1:4
    for i = 1:N
        if j == 1       %打印正弦信号数据
            s0(i) = round(s1(i));    %对小数四舍五入以取整
            fprintf(fild, '\t%g\t',i-1);  %地址编码
        end

        if j == 2       %打印方波信号数据
            s0(i) = round(s2(i));    %对小数四舍五入以取整
            fprintf(fild, '\t%g\t',i-1+N);  %地址编码
        end

        if j == 3       %打印三角波信号数据
            s0(i) = round(s3(i));    %对小数四舍五入以取整
            fprintf(fild, '\t%g\t',i-1+(2*N));  %地址编码
        end

        if j == 4       %打印锯齿波信号数据
            s0(i) = round(s4(i));    %对小数四舍五入以取整
            fprintf(fild, '\t%g\t',i-1+(3*N));  %地址编码
        end

        if s0(i) <0             %负1强制置零
            s0(i) = 0
        end
        
        fprintf(fild, '%s\t',':');      %冒号
        fprintf(fild, '%d',s0(i));      %数据写入
        fprintf(fild, '%s\n',';');      %分号，换行
    end
end
fprintf(fild, '%s\n','END;');       %结束
fclose(fild);

.coe文件

memory_initialization_radix=10;
memory_initialization_vector=    
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2.1 正弦波生成

调用ROMIP核，将波形数据表作为初始化文件写入ROM当中，文件格式可以是mif文件也可以是hex文件，使用matlab绘制4种波形，然后对这四种波形进行等间隔采样，以采样次数作为ROM的存储地址，采集的波形幅值数据作为存储数据写入到存储地址对应的存储空间。才阳光次数2^12=4096次，M=12，波形幅值数据是8位宽。

2.2 方波

2.3 三角波

2.4 锯齿波

2.2 dds_ctrl

定义输出信号满足500HZ，由公式计算出K，系统时钟为50mhz

取整数，为42949。

定义初相位是2分之Π。

所以P等于1024

2.2.1 dds_ctrl.v

module dds_ctrl
(
	input wire 			sys_clk			,
	input wire 			sys_rst_n		,
	input wire [3:0]	wave_sel		,
	
	output wire  [7:0]	dac_data		
);

parameter F_WORD=32'd42949,
		  P_WORD=12'd1024	;

reg[31:0]	freq_add;
reg [11:0]	rom_addr_reg;
reg [13:0] rom_addr;


always@(posedge sys_clk or negedge sys_rst_n)
	if(sys_rst_n==1'b0)
		freq_add<=32'd0;
	else
		freq_add<=freq_add+F_WORD;
		
always@(posedge sys_clk or negedge sys_rst_n)
	if(sys_rst_n==1'b0)
		rom_addr_reg<=12'd0;
	else
		rom_addr_reg<=freq_add[31:20]+P_WORD;
		
		
always@(posedge sys_clk or negedge sys_rst_n)
	if(sys_rst_n==1'b0)
		rom_addr<=14'd0;
	else
		case(wave_sel)
			4'b0001:rom_addr<=rom_addr_reg;
			4'b0010:rom_addr<=rom_addr_reg+14'd4096;
			4'b0100:rom_addr<=rom_addr_reg+14'd8192;
			4'b1000:rom_addr<=rom_addr_reg+14'd12288;
			default:rom_addr<=rom_addr_reg;
		endcase
		
wave_rom wave_rom_inst 
(
  .clka(sys_clk),    // input wire clka
  .addra(rom_addr),  // input wire [13 : 0] addra
  .douta(dac_data)  // output wire [7 : 0] douta
);
endmodule

2.2.2 tb_dds_ctrl.v

`timescale 1ns/1ns
module tb_dds_ctrl();

reg sys_clk;
reg sys_rst_n;
reg [3:0]wave_sel;
wire [7:0]dac_data;

initial
	begin
		sys_clk=1'b1;
		sys_rst_n<=1'b0;
		wave_sel<=4'b0000;
		#200
		sys_rst_n<=1'b1;
		#10000
		wave_sel<=4'b0001;
		#8_000_000
		wave_sel<=4'b0010;
		#8_000_000
		wave_sel<=4'b0100;
		#8_000_000
		wave_sel<=4'b1000;
		#8_000_000
		wave_sel<=4'b0000;
	end
	
always #10 sys_clk=~sys_clk;

dds_ctrl dds_ctrl_inst(
	.sys_clk	(sys_clk	)	,
	.sys_rst_n	(sys_rst_n)	,
	.wave_sel	(wave_sel)	,
	
	.dac_data	(dac_data)	
);

endmodule

2.3 dds.v

module dds(
	input wire			sys_clk			,
	input wire			sys_rst_n		,
	input wire [3:0]	key				,
	
	output wire			dac_clk			,
	output wire[7:0]	dac_data	
);

wire[3:0] wave_sel;
//时钟取反相当于，把时钟的上升沿往后延迟半个时钟周期,起到采集稳定数据的作用
assign dac_clk=~sys_clk;
//为什么要取反呢，因为dds_ctrl内部初始化了一个rom表，
//rom表的读时钟是系统时钟，在系统时钟上升沿就会输出读出的幅值数据，
//幅值数据和系统时钟是保持同步的，


key_ctrl key_ctrl_inst(
	.sys_clk	(sys_clk	)	,
	.sys_rst_n	(sys_rst_n),
	.key		(key		)	,
	
	.wave_sel   (wave_sel )
);

dds_ctrl dds_ctrl_inst
(
	.sys_clk	(sys_clk	)		,
	.sys_rst_n	(sys_rst_n	)	,
	.wave_sel	(wave_sel	)	,
                 
	.dac_data	(dac_data	)	
);

endmodule

时钟取反的作用是为了在数据稳定的时候采集。

sendmeasong_ying
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