C++常用查找算法

算法简介：

• find //查找元素
• find_if//按条件查找元素
• adjacent_find//查找相邻重复元素
• binary_search//二分查找法
• count//统计元素个数
• count_if//按条件统计元素个数

find

功能描述：

• 查找指定元素，找到返回指定元素的迭代器，找不到返回结束迭代器end()

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include<algorithm>
//常用查找算法
//find
//查找 内置的数据类型
void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//查找容器中是否有5
	vector<int>::iterator it=find(v.begin(), v.end(), 5);
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到了" << endl;
	}
}
//查找自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	//重载==让find对比Person数据类型
	bool operator==(const Person& p)
	{
		if (this->m_Name ==p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};
void test02()
{
	vector<Person>v1;
	//创建数据
	Person p1("fang1", 10);
	Person p2("fang2", 20);
	Person p3("fang3", 30);
	Person p4("fang4", 40);
	//放入容器中
	v1.push_back(p1);
	v1.push_back(p2);
	v1.push_back(p3);
	v1.push_back(p4);
	vector<Person>::iterator it=find(v1.begin(), v1.end(), p2);
	if (it == v1.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到了" << endl;
	}
}
int main()
{
	test01();
}

find_if

功能描述：

• 按条件查找元素

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include<algorithm>
//常用查找算法 find_if
//1.查找内置数据类型
class GreateFive
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val)
	{
		return val > 5;
	}
};
void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	vector<int>::iterator it=find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), GreateFive());
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}

}
//2.查找自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	string m_Name;
	int  m_Age;
};
class Greater20
{
public:
	bool operator()(Person &p)
	{
		return p.m_Age > 20;
	}
};
void test02()
{
	vector<Person>v;
	//创建数据
	Person p1("fang1", 10);
	Person p2("fang2", 20);
	Person p3("fang3", 30);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	//年龄大于20
	vector<Person>::iterator it=find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
	if (it == v.end())
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到了" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
}

adjacent_find

功能描述：

• 查找相邻重复元素

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include<algorithm>
//常用查找算法 adjacent_find
void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(0);
	v.push_back(1);
	vector<int>::iterator pos = adjacent_find(v.begin(), v.end());
	if (pos == v.end())
	{
		cout << "未找到相邻重复元素" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "找到相邻重复元素: " << *pos<<endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();
}

binary_search

功能描述：

• 查找指定元素是否存在

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include<algorithm>
//常用查找算法 binary_search
void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i<10; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	//查找容器中是否有9
	//注意：容器必须是有序的序列
	bool ret=binary_search(v.begin(), v.end(),9);
	if (ret)
	{
		cout << "找到了元素" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "没有找到" << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	test01();
}

count

功能描述：

• 统计元素个数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include<algorithm>
//常用的查找算法 count 
//1.统计内置数据类型
void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	int num=count(v.begin(), v.end(),10);
	cout << "10的个数为： " << num << endl;
}
//2.统计自定义数据类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	bool operator==(const Person& p)
	{
		if (this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;

};
void test02()
{
	vector<Person>v;
	Person p1("fang1",20);
	Person p2("fang2", 20);
	Person p3("fang3", 20);
	Person p4("fang4", 40);
	Person p("fang", 20);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);
	int num=count(v.begin(), v.end(), p);
	cout << "和p的年龄相同的人员个数为： " << num << endl;

}

int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
}

count_if

功能描述：

• 按条件统计元素个数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include<algorithm>
//常用查找算法 count_if
//统计内置数据类型
class Greater20
{
public:
	bool operator()(int val)
	{
		return val > 20;
	}
};
void test01()
{
	vector<int>v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(40);
	//统计大于20的
	int num=count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), Greater20());
	cout << "大于20的元素个数为： " << num << endl;
}
//统计自定义类型
class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};
class AgeGreater20
{
public:
	bool operator()(const Person& p)
	{
		return p.m_Age > 20;
	}
};
void test02()
{
	vector<Person>v;
	Person p1("fang1", 10);
	Person p2("fang2", 20);
	Person p3("fang3", 30);
	Person p4("fang4", 40);
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);
	//统计 大于20岁人员个数
	int num=count_if(v.begin(), v.end(), AgeGreater20());
	cout << "大于20岁人员个数： " << num << endl;
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	test02();
}