【期末划重点】计算机英语（2）

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已于 2023-12-10 11:08:57 修改

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2023计英期末考赌徒版

Part 1 词汇题（20题，40分）
Part 2 判断题（10题，10分）& Part 3 单选题（10题，10分）
Part 4 写作题（4题, 30分）
福利：期中考样卷和满分答案

Part 1 词汇题（20题，40分）

1、词库说明

本部分是期末考的重中之重，如果没做好，总分分分钟60分开始计算。
结合期中考与计英（1）期末考，发现阿金很狡猾，大部分词源自于视频，只有少部分词源自于PPT。
所以，通过整合PPT词和提取腾讯会议聊天记录，本赌鬼把所有可能会考的词整理成一个词库，提取出来，供大家全面复习。
考虑到词库单词比较多，分析完阿金的考试风格后，部分考试概率大的单词用黄色荧光笔标注。
时间不够or不想记这么多单词or不想冲刺满分的uu，可以只看黄色荧光笔标记词。

2、本题答题技巧

在候选单词旁边标计词性（v,n,adj, adv）;
标记空格单词词性（v,n,adj, adv）；
根据词性、搭配、意思，完成匹配；
利用排除法做题与检查；

3、背词方法

由于现在离考试只剩不到一周，建议按照下列方法执行：
每天把所有单词背一遍，然后按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，在第2,4，7天进行复习。
具体规划：
Day 1：背一遍词库；
Day 2：背一遍词库，复习一次；
Day 3：背一遍词库，复习一次；
Day 4：背一遍词库，复习两次；
Day 5：背一遍词库，复习一次；
Day 6：背一遍词库，复习一次；
Day 7：背一遍词库，复习三次；
背词合格标准：
看到单词，能马上反应过来词性和中文意思，并看熟例句；

4、完整词库

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4、答题要求

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Part 2 判断题（10题，10分）& Part 3 单选题（10题，10分）

1、分析说明

该部分的考点与PPT重点词高度重合，所以本赌徒指南以PPT核心词&老师提过的问题为框架，进行预测

2、知识点预测

（1）OS

An operating system is the software that controls the overall operation of a computer.

Example of application softwares are Chrome ，Edge and Safari.
An example of social software is Wechat.
An example of commputer software is BaiduNetdisk.
An example of system software is Chrome OS
An example of system software is Safari ? False
Windows is NOT a Unix-based OS.
Which one is the philosophy of Chrome OS? Internet needed，SSD needed，user interface takes a minimalist
What is NOT a Unix-based OS? Windows
中文题
Your OS oversees all operations on your computer? jiānguǎn 监管
My TA will oversee your all exams in this semester ? Jiāndū (human) 监督
The boss will oversee the quality of the products next week(jiancha) 监察

（2）PC

Which word in English that has the meaning as this Chinese word “桌面”？Desktop on computer screen

（3）OS Shell & Terminal

1、 Which button can be used to hide the window from the desktop? Minimize button.
2、 Which button can be used to expand the window to the full size of the screen? Maximize button.
3、 OS usually use GUI:
• Windows
• macOS
• Linux
4、Which OS usually uses CLI:
• Unix
• Linux
5、A terminal is a window to pass the commands to an OS’s services for computer execution.(T)
6、Chrome Os is an open source OS works exclusively with web applications and its use
interface takes a minimalist.（T）
7、一词多义：
window == a window
windows == many windows ( if this word is in the first position of a sentence —> Windows)
Windows == OS name

（4）Application Software

1、中文题
We store (储存) the file in the hard disk
We save (保存) the file to the hard disk
We control( 控制) the data in RDBMS to be not duplicated.
We operate (操纵) the data in RDBMS to be able for editing.
2、Adobe InDesign is a example of DTP(Desktop Publishing) software. （T）
3、常见的DTP软件:
• Microsoft Word / Excel
• Microsoft Publisher (better)
• Adobe InDesign (better)
• Adobe PageMaker (better)

（5）DBMS（重点）

1、What is the first database system? Integrated Data Store(IDS)
2、DBMS has been had been first implemented in the 1960s, Charles Bachmann.
3、Relational DBMS is the most popular dbms type in the market.
4、Examples of relational database management systems include MySQL， Oracle and Microsoft, SQL server.
5、Hierarchical DBMS is structure is like a tree with nodes representing records and branches representing fields.
6、The windows registry （注册）used in Windows XP is an example of a hierarchical database.
7、In Hierarchical DBMS, node is used to represent a record.
8、Postgre SQL is an example of object oriented relational dbms.
9、Network dbms this type of dbms supports many to many relationships.
10、RDM server is an example of a database management system that implements the network model.
11、What is data?
Data can be facts related to any object in consideration. For example, your name, age, height, weight, etc.
12、What are data-processing operations in a database?
ADD、DELETE、SELECT、UPDATE

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五级标题DBMS个重点视频文本

1）DBMS

Welcome to this tutorial series on SQL and database. But before we learn about database, let’s understand what is data. In simple words, data can be facts related to any object in consideration. For example, your name, age, height, weight, et cetera. Are some data related to you? A picture, image, file, PDF et cetera, can all be considered data. Now, what is the database? We already know what data is, but this data could be random. A database is a systematic collection of data. Since the data in a database is organized, it makes data management easy. What is a database management system? Dbms database management system or dbms is a collection of programs, which enables its users to access a database, manipulate data, and help in the representation of data. It also helps control access to the database by various users.

Let’s discuss a few examples. An online telephone directory would definitely use database management system to store data pertaining to people, phone numbers and other contact details. Your electricity service provider is obviously using adbms to manage billing client related issues, to handle fault data, et cetera.

Let’s consider the Facebook. It needs to store, manipulate, and present data related to members, their friends, member activities, messages, advertisements, and a lot more. We can provide countless numbers of examples for usage of dbms database management systems are not a new concept, and as such, had been first implemented in the 1960s, Charles Bachmann, integrated data store or IDs is said to be the first dbms in history. With time. Database technologies evolved a lot while usage and expected functionalities of databases have been increased immensely.

2） RDBMS

Relational dbms this type of dbms defines database relationships in forms of tables, also known as relations relational dbms usually have predefined data types that they can support. This is the most popular dbms type in the market. Examples of relational database management systems include my SQL oracle, and Microsoft, SQL server.

3） Hierarchical DBMS

Hierarchical.This type of DBMS employs the parent child relationship of storing data.This type of DBMS is rarely used nowadays, is structure is like a tree with nodes representing records and branches representing fields. The windows registry used in Windows XP is an example of a hierarchical database. Configuration settings are stored as tree structures with nodes.

4）OO DBMS

Object oriented relational DBMS this type supports storage of new data types. The data to be stored is in the form of objects. The objects to be stored in the database have attributes, for example, gender or age and methods that define what to do with the data. Post agree SQL is an example of object oriented relational DBMS.

5）SQL

What is SQL structured query language? SQL pronounced as SQL or sometimes as SQL, is actually the standard language for dealing with relational databases. SQL can be effectively used to insert search, update and delete database records. That doesn’t mean SQL cannot do things beyond that. In fact, it helps in optimizing and maintenance of databases and much more relational databases like my SQL oracle, MySQL sigh base, et cetera, use SQL SQL syntax is used in these databases, almost similar, except the fact that some databases use different syntaxes. And even proprietary SQL syntax is an example of an SQL statement, select star from members where age is greater than 30 DBMS stands for database management system.

We have four major types of DBMS is called hierarchical network, relational and object oriented. The most widely used DBMS is the relational model. This saves data in table formats. It uses SQL as the standard query language. SQL is the standard language used to query a database. The database approach has many advantages when it comes to storing data compared to the traditional flat file based systems.

6）Network DBMS

Network DBMS this type of DBMS supports many to many relationships. This usually results in complex database structures.

Rdm server is an example of a database management system that implements the network model.

（6） Multimedia

1、The factors affecting legibility of text in multimedia are font size, font color, font style
2、What is the color system that needs light？RGB color system
3、Raster lmage is pixel-based digital imagery. （T）
4、The surface of the red apple absorbs all the colored light
rays, except red, and reflects this color to the human eye.
5、. Smart watch 1:1 aspect-ratio is called perfectly square
6、 Scaling up raster image will cause degraded quality of image.（T）
7、Mixing red green blue in RGB color system we got white color of ray light. （T）
8、Aspect Ratio is important to note that it is the ratio between these
two numbers, not the numbers themselves。
9、A JPEG image provides very good compression, but does
not uncompress exactly as it was.
10、PNG is the superior version of GIF and JPG, in all aspects. （T）
11、The high sampling rate will concern the big audio file size. （T）

（7）Internet

1、A proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server providing that resource.
2、Router performs translations of various protocols between the two networks.
3、The router’s main purpose is to find the smallest and best routes for the packets to reach the destination, determined
using the routing table.
4、Whilst, the switch aims to determine the destination address of the received IP packet and forward it to the destination address.
5、The fastest switches are called gigabit
6、Routers with switches called fast ethernet.
7、A hub is not intelligent， but a switch is intelligent.

4、答题要求

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Part 4 写作题（4题, 30分）

题目

1、Images’properties

(1) What are the differences between raster and vector images?

Vector image can be scaled up or down to any size without degrading quality, since it’s defined using math, whereas scaling up or down size of raster image will cause the loss of clarity
Vector image is defined using mathematics rather than pixels, but raster images are pixel-based digital imagery.

(2) What are the differences between RGB color system and CMYK color system?

RGB Color System is applied only to the devices employing light, composed of Red Green and Blue.
CMYK Color System is generally used in printing / publishing industry using inks, composed of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and black.

2、OSs’philosophies

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1、Linux and DOS are both command-line based operating systems that can be installed on a traditional HDD or modern SSD.
2、Windows 10 is a popular SSD-based operating system that can be booted up quickly thanks to its optimized boot process.
3、macOS and Chrome OS both use sleek（圆滑的） icons to provide a visually appealing user interface that is easy to navigate.

3、DBMSs’philosophies （重点）

(1)What are the differences among Hierarchical, Network, Relational and Object Oriented DBMS?

Hierarchical DBMS employs the parent child relationship of storing data.This type of DBMS is rarely used nowadays. which structure is like a tree with nodes representing records and branches representing fields.
Relational DBMS defines database relationships in forms of tables, and has predefined data types that it can support.
Network DBMS supports many to many relationships. This usually results in complex database structures.
Object oriented relational DBMS supports storage of new data types. The data to be stored is in the form of objects. The objects to be stored in the database have attributes.

(2)How different between spreadsheets & database systems?
1、Spreadsheets are for simple data analysis, while databases are for complex data management.
2、 Spreadsheets use a grid structure for data, while databases use tables with relationships.
3、Databases offer better security and scalability than spreadsheets.
4、Spreadsheets are good for small projects, while databases are better for large-scale collaborations.
（3）Pleasn give an example of SQL statement and then explain what is the result of that statement.

SELECT *
FROM Student;

The SQL statement selects all columns from the “Student” table and returns all the rows in the table. It retrieves all records from the table and displays them in a result set.

4、network devices’philosophies（重点）

（1）What are the differences between Internet and WWW?

The Internet establishes a global data communication system
between computers.
WWW is one of the services communicated via the Internet.It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. It provides a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet.