进程的fork、wait、exec

• fork

C语言用fork()创建一个子进程时，子进程会复制父进程，子进程会从fork()函数的调用出返回。子进程对于fork()函数的返回值是0，父进程返回值是子进程的PID，如果创建子进程失败，fork()返回值小于0。
子进程不一定会比父进程执行的慢，当父进程创建子进程时，子进程会和父进程抢占CPU的资源。

下面父进程执行200次循环，子进程执行20次循环，少于父进程执行的循环次数，所以一般子进程会比父进程执行的快一些。

#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <sys/types.h>
#define   MAX_COUNT  200
void  ChildProcess(void);                /* child process prototype  */
void  ParentProcess(void);               /* parent process prototype */
void  main(void)
{
     pid_t  pid;
     pid = fork();
     if (pid < 0)
     	printf("fork failed");
     else if (pid == 0) 
          ChildProcess();
     else 
          ParentProcess();
}
void  ChildProcess(void)
{
     int   i;
     for (i = 1; i <= 20; i++)
          printf("   This line is from child, value = %d\n", i);
     printf("   *** Child process is done ***\n");
}
void  ParentProcess(void)
{
     int   i;
     for (i = 1; i <= MAX_COUNT; i++)
          printf("This line is from parent, value = %d\n", i);
     printf("*** Parent is done ***\n");
}

*wait

调用wait，父进程会等待子进程完成后再执行。wait的返回值是父进程等待的子进程的PID。

#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <sys/types.h>
#define   MAX_COUNT  200
void  ChildProcess(void);                /* child process prototype  */
void  ParentProcess(void);               /* parent process prototype */
void  main(void)
{
     pid_t  pid;
     pid = fork();
     if (pid < 0)
     	printf("fork failed");
     else if (pid == 0) 
          ChildProcess();
     else {
     
          ParentProcess();
}
void  ChildProcess(void)
{
     int   i;
     for (i = 1; i <= 20; i++)
          printf("   This line is from child, value = %d\n", i);
     printf("   *** Child process is done ***\n");
}
void  ParentProcess(void)
{
     int   i;
     for (i = 1; i <= MAX_COUNT; i++)
          printf("This line is from parent, value = %d\n", i);
     printf("*** Parent is done ***\n");
}