目录和文件接口
int stat(const char * restrict pathname,struct stat *restrict buf );
int fstat(int fd,struct stat *buf);
int access(const char *pathname,int mode);
mode_t umask(mode_t cmask);
int chmod(const char *pathname,mode_t mode);
int fchmod(int fd,mide_t mode);
int chown(const char pathname,uid_t owner,gid_t group);
int fchown(int fd,uid_t owner,gid_t group);
int truncate(const charpathname,off_t length);
int ftruncate(int fd,off_t length);
int link(const char existingpath,const char newpath);
int unlink(const char *pathname);
int rename(const char oldname,const char newname);
int symlink(const charactualpath,const charsympath);
int readlink(const char *restrict pathname,char *restrict buf,size_t bufsize);
int futimena(*int fd,const struct timespec times[2]);
int mkdir(const char *pathname,mode_t mode);
int rmdir(const char *pathname);
int chdir(const char *pathname);
char * getcwd(char * buf,size_t size);