使用SpringBoot应用
1 创建spring应用,选中我们需要的模块
2 Springboot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来了
3 自己编写业务代码
自动配置原理
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么,能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//静态资源文件夹映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
- 所有/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引用静态资源。
https://www.webjars.org/
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
- “/**都去访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被”/**”映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
模板引擎
- JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
引入thymeleaf
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
Thymeleaf使用
只需要吧HTML页面放到classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染
使用:
1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
2、使用thymeleaf语法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功!</h1>
<!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>
语法规则
1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
SpringMVC自动配置
SpringMVC auto-configuration
- Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
- 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
- ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
- 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
- Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
- Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
- Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
- 自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.
- Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
- Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;
HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter==自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.
扩展SpringMVC
<mvc:view‐controller path="/hello" view‐name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/login").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main").setViewName("dashboard");
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 静态资源 SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源的映射
registry.addInterceptor(new
LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/login","/","/user/login","/asserts/**");
}
剖析一下WebMvcConfigurer内一些主要方法:
1.configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer)
这个用到的比较少,这个是和访问路径有关的。举个例子,比如说PathMatchConfigurer 有个配置是setUseTrailingSlashMatch(),如果设置为true的话(默认为true),后面加个斜杠并不影响路径访问,例如“/user”等同于“/user/”。我们在开发中很少在访问路径上搞事情,所以这个方法如果有需要的请自行研究吧。
2.configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer)
这个东西直译叫做内容协商机制,主要是方便一个请求路径返回多个数据格式。ContentNegotiationConfigurer这个配置里面你会看到MediaType,里面有众多的格式。此方法不在多赘述。
3.configureAsyncSupport(AsyncSupportConfigurer configurer)
顾名思义,这是处理异步请求的。只能设置两个值,一个超时时间(毫秒,Tomcat下默认是10000毫秒,即10秒),还有一个是AsyncTaskExecutor,异步任务执行器。
4.configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer)
这个接口可以实现静态文件可以像Servlet一样被访问。
5.addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry)
增加转化器或者格式化器。这边不仅可以把时间转化成你需要时区或者样式。还可以自定义转化器和你数据库做交互,比如传进来userId,经过转化可以拿到user对象。
6.addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry)
这个方法你应该比较熟悉了,就是咱么用的最多的一个方法。这个方法可以自定义写拦截器,并指定拦截路径。
7.addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry)
自定义资源映射。这个东西也比较常用,业务场景就是自己的服务器作为文件服务器,不利用第三方的图床,就需要一个虚拟路径映射到我们服务器的地址。值得一提的是,如果你的项目是war包启动,一般都是再Tomcat中配置一下(配置方法请百度);如果是jar包启动(SpringBoot经常用这种方式启动),就可以用到这个方法了。
8.addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry)
这个是设置跨域问题的,几乎所有后台服务器都需要配置。
9.addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry)
这个方法可以实现一个路径自动跳转到一个页面。不过现在多为前后端分离的项目,可以把跳转路由的问题由前端来解决。
后面还有七个:configureViewResolvers、addArgumentResolvers、addReturnValueHandlers、configureMessageConverters、extendMessageConverters、configureHandlerExceptionResolvers、extendHandlerExceptionResolvers。用的太少,就不看了
国际化
1、编写国际化配置文件;
2、使用ResourceBundleMessageSourceg管理国际化资源文件
3、在页面中取出国际化内容
步骤
1、编写国际化配置文件抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息
2、SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件
3、去页面获取国际化的值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link th:href="@{/asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css}" href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" >
<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
<link th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" href="asserts/css/signin.css" rel="stylesheet" >
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tit}">Please sign in</h1>
<p style="color: red" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}" th:text="${msg}"></p>
<label class="sr-only">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" placeholder="Username" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" placeholder="Password" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.remenber}]]
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">[[#{login.signbut}]]</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/login(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/login(l='en_US')}">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>
4、点击链接携带区域信息
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
String l = httpServletRequest.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
String[] split = l.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Locale locale) {
}
}
登录
1 禁用模板引擎的缓存
禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;
登陆错误消息的显示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
拦截器进行登陆检查
拦截器
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if (user == null){
// 未登录,返回登录页面
request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请登录");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
注册拦截器
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/login").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main").setViewName("dashboard");
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 静态资源 SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源的映射
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/login","/","/user/login","/asserts/**");
}
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
}