【Python】pip install失败（权限问题）解决方法

(pytorch) E:\0.University\math-modeling\code>pip install torch -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting torch
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/58/b8/51b956c2da9729390a3080397cd2f31171394543af7746681466e372f69a/torch-2.2.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl (198
.6 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 198.6/198.6 MB 1.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting filelock (from torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/81/54/84d42a0bee35edba99dee7b59a8d4970eccdd44b99fe728ed912106fc781/filelock-3.13.1-py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions>=4.8.0 (from torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/b7/f4/6a90020cd2d93349b442bfcb657d0dc91eee65491600b2cb1d388bc98e6b/typing_extensions-4.9.0-py3-none-any.whl (
32 kB)
Collecting sympy (from torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/d2/05/e6600db80270777c4a64238a98d442f0fd07cc8915be2a1c16da7f2b9e74/sympy-1.12-py3-none-any.whl (5.7 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 5.7/5.7 MB 1.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting networkx (from torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/d5/f0/8fbc882ca80cf077f1b246c0e3c3465f7f415439bdea6b899f6b19f61f70/networkx-3.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.6 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 1.6/1.6 MB 1.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting jinja2 (from torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/30/6d/6de6be2d02603ab56e72997708809e8a5b0fbfee080735109b40a3564843/Jinja2-3.1.3-py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 133.2/133.2 kB 1.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting fsspec (from torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/70/25/fab23259a52ece5670dcb8452e1af34b89e6135ecc17cd4b54b4b479eac6/fsspec-2023.12.2-py3-none-any.whl (168 kB)

     ---------------------------------------- 169.0/169.0 kB 1.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0 (from jinja2->torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/de/be/5ff3f2568674abbcc1fd373636a68bad58c07da1c14f08c4a6a609db905e/MarkupSafe-2.1.4-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl
 (17 kB)
Collecting mpmath>=0.19 (from sympy->torch)
  Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/43/e3/7d92a15f894aa0c9c4b49b8ee9ac9850d6e63b03c9c32c0367a13ae62209/mpmath-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (536 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 536.2/536.2 kB 1.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: mpmath, typing-extensions, sympy, networkx, MarkupSafe, fsspec, filelock, jinja2, torch
  Attempting uninstall: typing-extensions
    Found existing installation: typing_extensions 4.5.0
    Uninstalling typing_extensions-4.5.0:
      Successfully uninstalled typing_extensions-4.5.0
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'C:\\Python311\\share'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.


[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.1.2 -> 23.3.2
[notice] To update, run: python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

使用 --user 参数：添加 --user 参数，将软件包安装到用户目录而不是系统目录。这可以避免一些权限问题。

pip install xxx -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --user