Geant4 案例分析（二）：B2

Geant4 案例分析（二）: B2
本文是对Geant4 B2的案例分析。在B1 案例分析的基础上，Geant4大致的项目结构和主要功能实现已经较为清晰，本文乃至以后的案例分析，将注重于其他功能的实现。

ExampleB2中将要介绍的是通过Messenger与程序进行交互，以及通过SensitiveDetector将Hits存储在Hit Collections中。

Messenger的使用

// DetectorMessenger::DetectorMessenger
  fDetectorConstruction = det;
  fDirectory = new G4UIdirectory("/B2/");
  fDirectory->SetGuidance("UI commands specific to this example.");

  fDetDirectory = new G4UIdirectory("/B2/det/");
  fDetDirectory->SetGuidance("Detector construction control");

  fTargMatCmd = new G4UIcmdWithAString("/B2/det/setTargetMaterial",this);
  fTargMatCmd->SetGuidance("Select Material of the Target.");
  fTargMatCmd->SetParameterName("choice",false);
  fTargMatCmd->AvailableForStates(G4State_PreInit,G4State_Idle);

// DetectorMessenger::~DetectorMessenger
  delete fTargMatCmd;
  
// DetectorMessenger::SetNewValue
  if( command == fTargMatCmd )
   { fDetectorConstruction->SetTargetMaterial(newValue);}

如代码所示，实现了通过/B2/det/setTarget/Material 来调用SetTargetMaterial，后者实际上在DetetecotrConstruction中实现

void DetectorConstruction::SetTargetMaterial(G4String materialName)
{
  G4NistManager* nistManager = G4NistManager::Instance();

  G4Material* pttoMaterial =
              nistManager->FindOrBuildMaterial(materialName);
// ...
  fTargetMaterial = pttoMaterial;
  fLogicTarget->SetMaterial(fTargetMaterial);
// ...

Messenger的实现就是以上了，而在程序中调用，只需要

// DetectorConstruction::DetectorConstruction
  fMessenger = new DetectorMessenger(this);

// DetectorConstruction::~DetectorConstruction()
  delete fMessenger;

SensitiveDetecotr的使用

SensitiveDetector的注册在DetectorConstruction中完成。

// DetectorConstruction::ConstructSDandField

  G4String trackerChamberSDname = "/TrackerChamberSD";
  auto aTrackerSD = new TrackerSD(trackerChamberSDname, "TrackerHitsCollection");
  G4SDManager::GetSDMpointer()->AddNewDetector(aTrackerSD);
  // Setting aTrackerSD to all logical volumes with the same name
  // of "Chamber_LV".
  SetSensitiveDetector("Chamber_LV", aTrackerSD, true);

看起来比较摸不着头脑，多看几遍，这段代码的实际用途是

1. 将aTrackerSD注册给G4SDManager
2. 将aTrackerSD和DetectorConstruction中名称为Chanmebr_LV的逻辑体积联系起来

TrackerSD的实现显然在TrackerSD.cc中，事实上如果只需要访问到TrackerSD中的Hit，只需要有以下内容即可：

TrackerSD::TrackerSD(const G4String& name)
                     :G4VSensitiveDetector(name)
{}

TrackerSD::~TrackerSD(){}
G4bool TrackerSD::ProcessHits(G4Step *aStep,
                                        G4TouchableHistory *ROhist) 
{
	// 获取相应的输出
}

然而此处的TrackerSD.CC显然还有其他更多的内容，是因为B2a还实现了另外一个功能。
其中

TrackerSD( const G4String& name,const G4String& hitsCollectionName) 	
SetSensitiveDetector(G4LogicalVolume* logVol, G4VSensitiveDetector)  // or G4String* logVolName, 为案例中的参数

Hit的使用

在此处，自定义的TrackerHit的唯一作用是令我们生成的可视化图像逼格满满便于查看。
在TrackerHit.cc中，要纠结的内容没有多少。

G4ThreadLocal G4Allocator<TrackerHit>* TrackerHitAllocator = nullptr;

G4bool TrackerHit::operator==(const TrackerHit& right) const{
  return ( this == &right ) ? true : false;
}

void TrackerHit::Draw(){
// draw command
}

void TrackerHit::Print(){
// print command
}

值得一提的是，因为Hit中包含着许多成员，可以初始化也可也不初始化，这样的设计有利于解决空间。但是这要求用户对自定义的Hit要提供相应的容器和Allocator — 此处的TrackerHitCollection与TrackerHitAllocator。
在TrackerHit.hh中

using TrackerHitsCollection = G4THitsCollection<TrackerHit>;
extern G4ThreadLocal G4Allocator<TrackerHit>* TrackerHitAllocator;

声明了TrackerHitsCollection和TrackerHitAllocator，后者的实现在TrackerHit.cc中。

补充：ProcessHit（G4Step）能获得的数据

Tracks and steps
通常的信息，如能量沉积，位置，所在volume，要通过Step得到

const G4StepPoint* preStepPoint = step->GetPreStepPoint();
const G4ThreeVector& preStepPosition = preStepPoint->GetPosition();

const G4TouhchableHandle& preStepTouch = preStepPoint->GetTouchableHandle();
const G4VPhysicalVolume* volume = preStepTouch->GetVolume();
const G4String& name = volume->GetName();
const G4int copyNumber = preStepTouch->GetCopyNumber();
const G4LogicalVolume* lvolume = volume->GetLogicalVolume();
const G4Material* material = preStepPoint->GetMaterial();

const G4double eDeposit = step->GetTotalEnergyDeposit();
const G4double sLength = step->GetStepLength();
const G4ThreeVector& displace = step->GetDeltaPosition();
const G4double tof = step->GetDeltaTime();

const G4Track* track = step->GetTrack();
const G4ThreeVector& momentum = track->GetMomentum();
const G4double kinEnergy = track->GetKineticEnergy();
const G4double globalTime = track-> GetGlobalTime();

补充：Volume颜色设置

// DetectorConstruction
  auto boxVisAtt = new G4VisAttributes(G4Colour(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
  auto chamberVisAtt = new G4VisAttributes(G4Colour(1.0, 1.0, 0.0));

  worldLV      ->SetVisAttributes(boxVisAtt);
  fLogicTarget ->SetVisAttributes(boxVisAtt);
  trackerLV    ->SetVisAttributes(boxVisAtt);