一、javascript简介和体验
1.javascript是什么
可以进入权威网站mdn查阅资料
代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.pink {
background-color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button class="pink">按钮1</button>
<button>按钮2</button>
<button>按钮3</button>
<button>按钮4</button>
<script>
let bts = document.querySelectorAll('button')
for (let i = 0; i < bts.length; i++) {
bts[i].addEventListener('click', function () {
document.querySelector('.pink').className = ''
this.className = 'pink'
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.javascript书写位置![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d9ba1ba0f7a4c5c3881c792759e11926.png)
(1)内部javascript
代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 内部js -->
<script>
// 页面弹出警示框
alert('你好啊')
</script>
</body>
</html>
(2)外部javascript
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="./js/my.js">
// 中间不允许写内容
</script>
</body>
</html>
js
alert('我是外部的js文件')
(3)内联javascript
练习
(1)外部
代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="./js/lianxi.js">
</script>
</body>
</html>
js
alert('努力、奋斗')
(2)内部
代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
alert('努力、奋斗')
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.javascript的注释![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/edeb783c90368386266a9f8ccc0155e9.png)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5cd3795a6f4c9d3ba4bd05cdc82bbcb7.png)
4.javascript的结束符![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5ace42f1b582c9739e075782f724fc2b.png)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/09170404a6a1b91357dc23b3980f030c.png)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/f9607c8e2a25486f9c60f59ee7bc66d5.png)
代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>javascript注释和结束符</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
// 1.javascript注释
// 1.1单行注释 ctrl + /
// 1.2多行注释 shift + alt + a
// 2.javascript结束符
// alert('第一句话');
// alert('第二句话');
alert('第一句话')
alert('第二句话')
</script>
</body>
</html>
5.输入输出语法![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d80823a97f10d027e90b8e7a591fdfed.png)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a8cda0745fc3690112556935f5b74b12.png)
console.log简写
在控制台中显示
代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
// 1.文档输出内容
// 中文一定要加引号
document.write('我是div标签')
// 这个输出可以识别标签 document.write可以直接往里面写字,也可以写标签
document.write('<h1>我是标题</h1>')
// 2.控制台打印输出 给 程序员
console.log('看看对不对')
// 3.输入语句
prompt('请输入你的年龄:')
</script>
</body>
</html>
练习(1)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
alert('你好 js')
</script>
</body>
</html>
练习(2)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 页面中打印输出javascript 我来咯 -->
<script>
document.write('javascript 我来咯')
</script>
</body>
</html>
练习(3)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 页面控制台输出:它会魔法吧~ -->
<script>
console.log('它会魔法吧~')
</script>
</body>
</html>