多对一的处理
多对一的理解:
- 多个学生对应一个老师
- 如果对于学生这边,就是一个多对一的现象,即从学生这边关联一个老师
1.设计数据库
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
2.IDEA安装Lombok插件
在 File–> Settings–>Plugins中搜索LomBok即可下载
3.引入Maven依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
4.在代码中增加注解
@Data //GET,SET,ToString,有参,无参构造
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
}
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
//多个学生可以是同一个老师,即多对一
private Teacher teacher;
}
5.编写实体类对应的Mapper接口
public interface StudentMapper {
}
public interface TeacherMapper {
}
6.编写Mapper接口对应的 mapper.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.StudentMapper">
</mapper>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.TeacherMapper">
</mapper>
- 在这里可以使用子查询和联表查询两种方式
按查询嵌套处理(即子查询)
1、给StudentMapper接口增加方法
//获取所有学生及对应老师的信息
public List<Student> getStudents();
2、编写对应的Mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.StudentMapper">
<!--
需求:获取所有学生及对应老师的信息
思路:
1. 获取所有学生的信息
2. 根据获取的学生信息的老师ID->获取该老师的信息
3. 思考问题,这样学生的结果集中应该包含老师,该如何处理呢,数据库中我们一般使用关联查询?
1. 做一个结果集映射:StudentTeacher
2. StudentTeacher结果集的类型为 Student
3. 学生中老师的属性为teacher,对应数据库中为tid。
多个 [1,...)学生关联一个老师=> 一对一,一对多
4. 查看官网找到:association – 一个复杂类型的关联;使用它来处理关联查询
-->
<select id="getStudents" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from student
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<!--association关联属性 property属性名 javaType属性类型 column在多的一方的表中的列名-->
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
</resultMap>
<!--
这里传递过来的id,只有一个属性的时候,下面可以写任何值
association中column多参数配置:
column="{key=value,key=value}"
其实就是键值对的形式,key是传给下个sql的取值名称,value是片段一中sql查询的字段名。
-->
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
3、编写完毕去Mybatis配置文件中,注册Mapper
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>
4、测试
@Test
public void testGetStudents(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> students = mapper.getStudents();
for (Student student : students){
System.out.println(
"学生名:"+ student.getName()
+"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
按结果嵌套处理(即联表查询)
1、接口方法编写
public List<Student> getStudents2();
2、编写对应的mapper文件
<!--
按查询结果嵌套处理
思路:
1. 直接查询出结果,进行结果集的映射
-->
<select id="getStudents2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2" >
select s.id sid, s.name sname , t.name tname
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
<id property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<!--关联对象property 关联对象在Student实体类中的属性-->
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
3、在mybatis-config文件中注入
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
<mapper class="com.kuang.dao.StudentMapper"/>
</mappers>
4、测试
@Test
public void testGetStudents2(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
StudentMapper mapper = session.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> students = mapper.getStudents2();
for (Student student : students){
System.out.println(
"学生名:"+ student.getName()
+"\t老师:"+student.getTeacher().getName());
}
}
一对多的处理
- 一个老师拥有多个学生
- 如果对于老师这边,就是一个一对多的现象,即从一个老师下面拥有一群学生(集合)
实体类编写
@Data
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int tid;
}
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师多个学生
private List<Student> students;
}
按结果嵌套处理
1、TeacherMapper接口编写方法
//获取指定老师,及老师下的所有学生
public Teacher getTeacher(int id);
2、编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.TeacherMapper">
<!--
思路:
1. 从学生表和老师表中查出学生id,学生姓名,老师姓名
2. 对查询出来的操作做结果集映射
1. 集合的话,使用collection!
JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。
-->
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select s.id sid, s.name sname , t.name tname, t.id tid
from student s,teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid" />
<result property="name" column="sname" />
<result property="tid" column="tid" />
</collection>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
3、将Mapper文件注册到MyBatis-config文件中
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/TeacherMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
4、测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
按查询嵌套处理
1、TeacherMapper接口编写方法
public Teacher getTeacher2(int id);
2、编写接口对应的Mapper配置文件
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
<!--column是一对多的外键 , 写的是一的主键的列名-->
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" column="id" select="getStudentByTeacherId"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
select * from student where tid = #{id}
</select>
3、将Mapper文件注册到MyBatis-config文件中
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/TeacherMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
4、测试
@Test
public void testGetTeacher2(){
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = session.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);
System.out.println(teacher.getName());
System.out.println(teacher.getStudents());
}
总结:
1、关联-association
2、集合-collection
3、所以association是用于一对一和多对一,而collection是用于一对多的关系
4、JavaType和ofType都是用来指定对象类型的
- JavaType是用来指定pojo中属性的类型
- ofType指定的是映射到list集合属性中pojo的类型。