apply plugins:和plugins{}的区别.Android Studio

1、“plugins {}”块导入的是Gradle官方插件仓库里的插件。如果使用“buildscript {}”块指定第三方库作为Gradle插件的话，指定插件就需要使用“apply plugin”了。
2、“apply plugin”用途更多，而“plugins {}”块是一个新引入的还不足够稳定的特性。
3、apply plugin 可以用在 allprojects 和 subprojects 中。
4、两者一般可以互换

例如

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'

apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
/*必须按照顺序写否则会报错
startup failed:
build file 'D:\Android Studio\Android Studio-workspace\Memory\app\build.gradle': 3: only buildscript {} and other plugins {} script blocks are allowed before plugins {} blocks, no other statements are allowed

See https://docs.gradle.org/5.4.1/userguide/plugins.html#sec:plugins_block for information on the plugins {} block

发现是在新建Activity、BroadcastReceiver时总会自动加入apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'在plugins{}语句前面导致发生错误
*/
android {
    compileSdkVersion 31
    buildToolsVersion "31.0.0"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.memory"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 31
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.0.2'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.1'
}

plugins{
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
	id 'kotlin-android-extensions'
    id 'kotlin-kapt'
}
android {
    compileSdkVersion 31
    buildToolsVersion "31.0.0"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.memory"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 31
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.2'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.0.2'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
    implementation 'androidx.room:room-runtime:2.1.0'
    kapt 'androidx.room:room-compiler:2.1.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.1'
}