DAO及其实现类

目录

DAO

🐟作用

一、BaseDAO.java

二、CustomerDAO及CustomerDAOImpl的实现

1.CustomerDAO接口及CustomerDAOImpl的实现

2.CustomerDAOImpl的单元测试

---

DAO

Data Access Object

• 访问数据信息的类和接口
• 包括了对数据的CRUD（Create、Retrival、Update、 Delete）
• 不包含任何业务相关的信息。
• 有时也称作：BaseDAO

🐟作用

为了实现功能的模块化，更有利于代码的维护和升级。

一、BaseDAO.java

import util.JDBCUtils;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public abstract class BaseDAO {
    //通用的增删改操作
    public int update(Connection conn,String sql, Object... args) {//sql中占位符的个数与可变形参的长度相同
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        try {
            //1.预编译sql语句，返回PreparedStatement实例
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            //2.填充占位符
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]); //小心参数声明错误
            }
            //3.执行
            return ps.executeUpdate();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //4.关闭资源
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null, ps);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    //通用的查询操作，用于返回数据表中的一条记录（version 2.0：考虑到事务）
    public <T> T getInstance(Connection conn,Class<T> clazz,String sql,Object ...args){ //使用泛型方法
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i+1,args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            //获取结果集的元数据
            ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
            //通过获取结果集中的元数据获取结果集的列数
            int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount();
            if (rs.next()){
                T t = clazz.newInstance();
                //处理一行数据中的每一个列
                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                    //获取列值
                    Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);//获取到字段的值
                    //获取每个列的列名
                    String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
                    //给t对象指定的columnName属性赋值为columnValue：通过反射
                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnName);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t,columnValue);
                }
                return t;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,rs);
        }
        return null;
    }

    //通用的查询操作，用于返回数据表中的多条记录构成的集合（version 2.0：考虑到事务）
    public <T> List<T> getForList(Connection conn,Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object ...args){
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i+1,args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            //获取结果集的元数据
            ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
            //通过获取结果集中的元数据获取结果集的列数
            int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount();
            //创建集合对象：给t对象指定的属性赋值
            ArrayList<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
            while (rs.next()){
                T t = clazz.newInstance();
                //处理一行数据中的每一个列
                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                    //获取列值
                    Object columnValue = rs.getObject(i + 1);//获取到字段的值
                    //获取每个列的列名
                    String columnName = rsmd.getColumnName(i + 1);
                    //给t对象指定的columnName属性赋值为columnValue：通过反射
                    Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(columnName);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t,columnValue);
                }
                list.add(t);
            }
            return list;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,rs);
        }
        return null;
    }

    //用于查询特殊值的通用的方法
    public <E> E getValue(Connection conn,String sql,Object...args) {
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1,args[i]);
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()){
                return (E) rs.getObject(1);
            }
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,rs);            
        }
        return null;
    }
}

二、CustomerDAO及CustomerDAOImpl的实现

1.CustomerDAO接口及CustomerDAOImpl的实现

CustomerDAO接口：用于规范对customers表的常用操作

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

//此接口用于规范对customers表的常用操作
public interface CustomerDAO {
    //将cust对象添加到数据库中
    void insert(Connection conn, Customer cust);

    //根据指定的Id删除表中的一条记录
    void deleteById(Connection conn,int id);

    //针对于内存中的cust对象，修改数据表中指定的记录
    void updateById(Connection conn,Customer cust);

    //针对指定的id查询得到对应Customer对象
    Customer getCustomerById(Connection conn,int id);

    //查询表中所有的记录构成的集合
    List<Customer> getAll(Connection conn);

    //返回数据表中数据的条目数
    Long getCount(Connection conn);

    //返回数据表中最大的生日
    Date getMaxBirth(Connection conn);
}

import bean.Customer;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class CustomerDAOImpl extends  BaseDAO implements CustomerDAO{

    @Override
    public void insert(Connection conn, Customer cust) {
        String sql = "insert into customers(name,email,birth) values(?,?,?)";
        update(conn,sql,cust.getName(),cust.getEmail(),cust.getBirth());
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteById(Connection conn, int id) {
        String sql = "delete from customers where id = ?";
        update(conn,sql,id);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateById(Connection conn, Customer cust) {
        String sql = "update customers set name = ?,email = ?,birth = ? where id = ?";
        update(conn,sql,cust.getName(),cust.getEmail(),cust.getBirth(),cust.getId());
    }

    @Override
    public Customer getCustomerById(Connection conn, int id) {
        String sql = "select id,name,email,birth from customers where id = ?";
        Customer customer = getInstance(conn, Customer.class, sql, id);
        return customer;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Customer> getAll(Connection conn) {
        String sql = "select id,name,email,birth from customers";
        List<Customer> list = getForList(conn, Customer.class, sql);
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Long getCount(Connection conn) {
        String sql = "select count(*) from customers";
        return getValue(conn,sql);
    }

    @Override
    public Date getMaxBirth(Connection conn) {
        String sql = "select max(birth) from customers";
        return getValue(conn,sql);
    }
}

2.CustomerDAOImpl的单元测试

package DAO.junit;

import DAO.CustomerDAOImpl;
import bean.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import util.JDBCUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class CustomerDAOImplTest {

    private CustomerDAOImpl dao = new CustomerDAOImpl();


    @Test
    public void testInsert() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            System.out.println("conn=" + conn);  //conn == null
            Customer cust = new Customer(20,"zhuzhu", "zhuzhu@qq.com", new Date(65452469524L));
            dao.insert(conn,cust);
            System.out.println("添加成功！");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteById() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            dao.deleteById(conn,13);
            System.out.println("删除成功！");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void updateById() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            Customer cust = new Customer(18,"贝多芬","beiduofen@123.com",new Date(156985656L));
            dao.update(conn, String.valueOf(cust));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void getCustomerById() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            Customer cust = dao.getCustomerById(conn,19);
            System.out.println(cust);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void getAll() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            List<Customer> list = dao.getAll(conn);
            list.forEach(System.out::println);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void getCount() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            Long count = dao.getCount(conn);
            System.out.println(count);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void getMaxBirth() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            Date maxBirth = dao.getMaxBirth(conn);
            System.out.println(maxBirth);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(conn,null);
        }
    }
}