Spring中Bean的生命周期

一、Bean的基本概念

在Spring中，构成应用应用程序主干并由Spring IOC容器管理的对象称为Bean，Bean是由Spring IOC容器实例化、组装和以其他方式管理的对象，否则，Bean 只是应用程序中众多对象之一。Bean 以及它们之间的依赖关系反映在容器使用的配置元数据中。

二、Bean的生命周期

对象从创建开始到最终销毁的整个过程。Spring为每个Bean定义了若干个回调方法，使得开发人员可以在某个特定的时间点对Bean进行特定的操作。

Spring Bean的生命周期总体分四个阶段：实例化、属性赋值、初始化、销毁

三、常用接口

1、BeanNameAware

该接口只有一个方法setBeanName(String name)，用来获取bean的id或name

2、BeanFactoryAware

该接口只有一个方法setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory)，用来获取当前环境中的BeanFactory。

3、ApplicationContextAware

该接口只有一个方法setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)，用来获取当前环境中的ApplicationContext。

4、InitializingBean

该接口只有一个方法afterPropertiesSet()，在属性注入完成后调用。

5、DisposableBean

该接口只有一个方法destory()，在容器销毁的时候调用，在用户指定的destory-method之前调用。

6、BeanPostProcessor

该接口有两个方法：

（1）postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean,String beanName)：在初始化之前调用此方法

（2）postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,String beanName)：在初始化之后调用此方法

7、 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor

该类是BeanPostProcessor的子接口，常用的有三个方法：

（1）postProcessBeforeInitialization(Class beanClass,String beanName)：在bean实例化之前调用

（2）postProcessAfterInitialization(Class beanClass,String beanName)：在bean实例化之后调用

（3）postProcessProperties(propertyValues pvs,Object bean,String beanName)：在bean实例化之后、设置属性前调用

四、代码演示

1、定义User类

package com.apesources.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author 张荣晁
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 2024/1/7
 */
@Component
public class User implements InitializingBean, BeanNameAware, DisposableBean,ApplicationContextAware {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public User(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        System.out.println("2.调用构造函数");
    }


    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
        System.out.println("5.属性注入id");
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        System.out.println("5.属性注入name");
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanName(String name){
        System.out.println("6.调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()方法");
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        User user = (User) applicationContext.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user);
        System.out.println("7.调用ApplicationContextAware.setApplicationContext()方法");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception{
        System.out.println("9.调用 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()方法");
    }

    public void myInit(){
        System.out.println("10.调用init-method方法");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("12.调用DisposableBean.destory()方法");
    }

    public void myDestory(){
        System.out.println("13.调用destory-method方法");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2、定义MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 接口实现类

package com.apesources.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor;

/**
 * @author 张荣晁
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 2024/1/7
 */
public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("user".equals(beanName)){
            System.out.println("1.调用InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInstantiation()方法");
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
            User user = (User) bean;
            System.out.println("3.调用InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation()方法");
            System.out.println(user);
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
            System.out.println("4.调用InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties()方法");
        }
        return null;
    }
}

3、MyBeanPostProcessor 接口实现类

package com.apesources.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

/**
 * @author 张荣晁
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 2024/1/7
 */
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
            System.out.println("8.调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization()方法");
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
            System.out.println("11.调用 BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization()方法");
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

4、applicationContext.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean class="com.apesources.bean.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></bean>

    <bean id="user" class="com.apesources.bean.User" init-method="myInit" destroy-method="myDestory">
        <!-- 构造函数注入 -->
        <constructor-arg index="0" type="int">
            <value>1</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.String">
            <value>李四</value>
        </constructor-arg>

        <!-- setter方法注入 -->
        <property name="id" value="2"/>
        <property name="name" value="王五"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="com.apesources.bean.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>

</beans>

5、测试类

package com.apesources.test;

import com.apesources.bean.User;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author 张荣晁
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 2024/1/7
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        context.close();
    }
}

输出结果：