一、Bean的基本概念
在Spring中,构成应用应用程序主干并由Spring IOC容器管理的对象称为Bean,Bean是由Spring IOC容器实例化、组装和以其他方式管理的对象,否则,Bean 只是应用程序中众多对象之一。Bean 以及它们之间的依赖关系反映在容器使用的配置元数据中。
二、Bean的生命周期
对象从创建开始到最终销毁的整个过程。Spring为每个Bean定义了若干个回调方法,使得开发人员可以在某个特定的时间点对Bean进行特定的操作。
Spring Bean的生命周期总体分四个阶段:实例化、属性赋值、初始化、销毁
三、常用接口
1、BeanNameAware
该接口只有一个方法setBeanName(String name),用来获取bean的id或name
2、BeanFactoryAware
该接口只有一个方法setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory),用来获取当前环境中的BeanFactory。
3、ApplicationContextAware
该接口只有一个方法setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext),用来获取当前环境中的ApplicationContext。
4、InitializingBean
该接口只有一个方法afterPropertiesSet(),在属性注入完成后调用。
5、DisposableBean
该接口只有一个方法destory(),在容器销毁的时候调用,在用户指定的destory-method之前调用。
6、BeanPostProcessor
该接口有两个方法:
(1)postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean,String beanName):在初始化之前调用此方法
(2)postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean,String beanName):在初始化之后调用此方法
7、 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor
该类是BeanPostProcessor的子接口,常用的有三个方法:
(1)postProcessBeforeInitialization(Class beanClass,String beanName):在bean实例化之前调用
(2)postProcessAfterInitialization(Class beanClass,String beanName):在bean实例化之后调用
(3)postProcessProperties(propertyValues pvs,Object bean,String beanName):在bean实例化之后、设置属性前调用
四、代码演示
1、定义User类
package com.apesources.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author 张荣晁
* @version 1.0
* @since 2024/1/7
*/
@Component
public class User implements InitializingBean, BeanNameAware, DisposableBean,ApplicationContextAware {
private int id;
private String name;
public User(int id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
System.out.println("2.调用构造函数");
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
System.out.println("5.属性注入id");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
System.out.println("5.属性注入name");
}
@Override
public void setBeanName(String name){
System.out.println("6.调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()方法");
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
User user = (User) applicationContext.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
System.out.println("7.调用ApplicationContextAware.setApplicationContext()方法");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception{
System.out.println("9.调用 InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()方法");
}
public void myInit(){
System.out.println("10.调用init-method方法");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("12.调用DisposableBean.destory()方法");
}
public void myDestory(){
System.out.println("13.调用destory-method方法");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2、定义MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 接口实现类
package com.apesources.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor;
/**
* @author 张荣晁
* @version 1.0
* @since 2024/1/7
*/
public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor implements InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if ("user".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("1.调用InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInstantiation()方法");
}
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
User user = (User) bean;
System.out.println("3.调用InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation()方法");
System.out.println(user);
}
return true;
}
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
System.out.println("4.调用InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties()方法");
}
return null;
}
}
3、MyBeanPostProcessor 接口实现类
package com.apesources.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
/**
* @author 张荣晁
* @version 1.0
* @since 2024/1/7
*/
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
System.out.println("8.调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization()方法");
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if ("user".equals(beanName)) {
System.out.println("11.调用 BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization()方法");
}
return bean;
}
}
4、applicationContext.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="com.apesources.bean.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
<bean id="user" class="com.apesources.bean.User" init-method="myInit" destroy-method="myDestory">
<!-- 构造函数注入 -->
<constructor-arg index="0" type="int">
<value>1</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.String">
<value>李四</value>
</constructor-arg>
<!-- setter方法注入 -->
<property name="id" value="2"/>
<property name="name" value="王五"/>
</bean>
<bean class="com.apesources.bean.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
</beans>
5、测试类
package com.apesources.test;
import com.apesources.bean.User;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @author 张荣晁
* @version 1.0
* @since 2024/1/7
*/
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
context.close();
}
}
输出结果: