SaltStack之数据系统
SaltStack数据系统
SaltStack有两大数据系统,分别是:
- Grains
- Pillar
SaltStack数据系统组件
SaltStack组件之Grains
Grains
是SaltStack
的一个组件,其存放着minion启动时收集到的信息。
Grains
是SaltStack
组件中非常重要的组件之一,因为我们在做配置部署的过程中会经常使用它,Grains
是SaltStack
记录minion
的一些静态信息的组件。可简单理解为Grains
记录着每台minion
的一些常用属性,比如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络信息等。我们可以通过grains.items
查看某台minion
的所有Grains
信息。
Grains的功能:
- 收集资产信息
Grains应用场景:
- 信息查询
- 在命令行下进行目标匹配
- 在top file中进行目标匹配
- 在模板中进行目标匹配
模板中进行目标匹配请看:https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/pillar/
信息查询实例:
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' state.highstate
[root@master ~]# salt minion grains.items
minion:
----------
biosreleasedate: ##bios的时间
07/22/2020
biosversion: ##bios的版本
6.00
cpu_flags: ##cpu相关属性
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ss
- ht
- syscall
- nx
- pdpe1gb
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- arch_perfmon
- nopl
- xtopology
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- cpuid
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- ssse3
- fma
- cx16
- pcid
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- movbe
- popcnt
- tsc_deadline_timer
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- abm
- 3dnowprefetch
- cpuid_fault
- invpcid_single
- ssbd
- ibrs
- ibpb
- stibp
- ibrs_enhanced
- fsgsbase
- tsc_adjust
- bmi1
- avx2
- smep
- bmi2
- invpcid
- rdseed
- adx
- smap
- clflushopt
- xsaveopt
- xsavec
- xgetbv1
- xsaves
- arat
- md_clear
- flush_l1d
- arch_capabilities
cpu_model: ##cpu的具体型号
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10210U CPU @ 1.60GHz
cpuarch: ##cpu架构
x86_64
cwd:
/
disks:
- sr0
- sda
dns:
----------
domain:
ip4_nameservers:
- 114.114.114.114
ip6_nameservers:
nameservers:
- 114.114.114.114
options:
search:
sortlist:
domain:
efi:
False
efi-secure-boot:
False
fqdn:
minion
fqdn_ip4: ##IP地址
- 192.168.240.60
fqdn_ip6:
- fe80::fabc:12fd:b92d:c0a
fqdns:
- minion
gid:
0
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
vmware
groupname:
root
host: ##主机名
minion
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
00:0c:29:11:4d:9c
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
id: ##minion的id
minion
init:
systemd
ip4_gw:
192.168.240.2
ip4_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.240.60
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
ip6_gw:
False
ip6_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- fe80::fabc:12fd:b92d:c0a
lo:
- ::1
ip_gw:
True
ip_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.240.60
- fe80::fabc:12fd:b92d:c0a
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
ipv4:
- 127.0.0.1
- 192.168.240.60
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::fabc:12fd:b92d:c0a
kernel:
Linux
kernelparams:
|_
- BOOT_IMAGE
- (hd0,msdos1)/vmlinuz-4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
|_
- root
- /dev/mapper/cs-root
|_
- ro
- None
|_
- crashkernel
- auto
|_
- resume
- /dev/mapper/cs-swap
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- cs/root
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- cs/swap
|_
- rhgb
- None
|_
- quiet
- None
kernelrelease:
4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
kernelversion:
#1 SMP Thu Dec 3 22:16:23 UTC 2020
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF-8
defaultlanguage:
zh_CN
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
timezone:
EDT
localhost:
minion
lsb_distrib_codename:
CentOS Stream 8
lsb_distrib_id:
CentOS Stream
lsb_distrib_release:
8
lvm:
----------
cs:
- home
- root
- swap
machine_id:
2746cf06bd8943a48f2e09b443602835
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
192.168.240.50
mdadm:
mem_total:
1789
nodename:
minion
num_cpus:
4
num_gpus:
1
os:
CentOS Stream
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
CentOS Stream 8
osfinger:
CentOS Stream-8
osfullname:
CentOS Stream
osmajorrelease:
8
osrelease:
8
osrelease_info:
- 8
path:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
pid:
282034
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efHww
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python3.6
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python36.zip
- /usr/lib64/python3.6
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
pythonversion:
- 3
- 6
- 8
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
3004
saltversioninfo:
- 3004
selinux:
----------
enabled:
True
enforced:
Enforcing
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d 90 fb e2 ea 66 7d-21 85 b5 06 dd 11 4d 9c
server_id:
279719642
shell:
/bin/sh
ssds:
swap_total:
2139
systemd:
----------
features:
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN2 -IDN +PCRE2 default-hierarchy=legacy
version:
239
systempath:
- /usr/local/sbin
- /usr/local/bin
- /usr/sbin
- /usr/bin
transactional:
False
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
fb904d56-eae2-7d66-2185-b506dd114d9c
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.3.4
查询某个key的值使用grains.get
##获取IP地址
[root@master ~]# salt minion grains.get fqdn_ip4
minion:
- 192.168.240.60
[root@master ~]# salt minion grains.get ip4_interfaces
minion:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.240.60
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
##获取CPU型号
[root@master ~]# salt minion grains.get cpu_model
minion:
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-10210U CPU @ 1.60GHz
##获取主机名
[root@master ~]# salt minion grains.get host
minion:
minion
目标匹配实例:
用Grains
来匹配minion
:
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS Stream' cmd.run 'uptime'
minion:
03:50:52 up 5:50, 2 users, load average: 0.40, 0.28, 0.16
master:
03:50:52 up 5:50, 2 users, load average: 0.75, 0.41, 0.23
在top file里面使用Grains:
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/top.sls
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS Stream'
'minion':
- web.nginx.nginx
自定义Grains的两种方法:
- minion配置文件,在配置文件中搜索grains
- 在/etc/salt下生成一个grains文件,在此文件中定义(推荐方式)
##控制端
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
test-grains: me is Linux
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
##被控端
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
[root@minion ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
test-grains: linux-node1
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get test-grains
master:
me is Linux
minion:
linux-node1
不重启的情况下自定义Grains
:
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/salt/grains
test-grains: me is Linux
best: you
[root@master ~]# salt 'master' saltutil.sync_grains
master:
[root@master ~]# salt 'master' grains.get best
master:
you
SaltStack组件之Pillar
Pillar也是SaltStack组件中非常重要的组件之一,是数据管理中心,经常配置states在大规模的配置管理工作中使用它。Pillar在SaltStack中主要的作用就是存储和定义配置管理中需要的一些数据,比如软件版本号、用户名密码等信息,它的定义存储格式与Grains类似,都是YAML格式。
在Master配置文件中有一段Pillar settings选项专门定义Pillar相关的一些参数:
#pillar_roots:
# base:
# - /srv/pillar
默认Base环境下Pillar的工作目录在/srv/pillar目录下。若你想定义多个环境不同的Pillar工作目录,只需要修改此处配置文件即可。
Pillar的特点:
- 可以给指定的minion定义它需要的数据
- 只有指定的人才能看到定义的数据
- 在master配置文件里设置
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
master:
----------
minion:
----------
默认pillar
是没有任何信息的,如果想查看信息,需要在 master 配置文件上把 pillar_opts
的注释取消,并将其值设为 True。
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
····省略部分·····
# master config file that can then be used on minions.
pillar_opts: true
# The pillar_safe_render_error option prevents the master from passing pillar
····省略部分·····
##重启master并查看pillar的信息
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master.service
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
····省略部分·····
winrepo_refspecs:
- +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
- +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
winrepo_remotes:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
winrepo_remotes_ng:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng.git
winrepo_ssl_verify:
True
winrepo_user:
worker_threads:
5
zmq_backlog:
1000
zmq_filtering:
False
zmq_monitor:
False
pillar自定义数据:
在master的配置文件里找pillar_roots可以看到其存放pillar的位置
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
····省略部分·····
# highstate format, and is generally just key/value pairs.
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
prod:
- /srv/pillar/prod
#
#ext_pillar:
# - hiera: /etc/hiera.yaml
# - cmd_yaml: cat /etc/salt/yaml
····省略部分·····
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/pillar/{base,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/pillar/
/srv/pillar/
├── base
└── prod
2 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/pillar/base/nginxinstall.sls
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS Stream' %}
nginxinstall: nginx
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}
##定义top file入口文件
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base: ##指定环境
'minion': ##指定目标
- nginxinstall ##引用apache.sls或apache/init.sls
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
minion:
----------
nginxinstall:
nginx
master:
----------
##在salt下修改apache的状态文件,引用pillar的数据
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/web/nginx/nginx.sls
nginx-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: {{ pillar['nginx'] }}
nginx-service:
service.running:
- name: {{ pillar['nginx'] }}
- enable: true
##执行高级状态文件
[root@master base]# salt minion state.highstate
minion:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 05:23:54.506391
Duration: 2494.258 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: Service httpd has been enabled, and is running
Started: 05:23:57.007028
Duration: 1548.587 ms
Changes:
----------
httpd:
True
Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 4.043 s
Grains与Pillar的区别
存储位置 | 类型 | 采集方式 | 应用场景 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grains | minion | 静态 | minion启动时采集 可通过刷新避免重启minion服务 | 1.信息查询 2.在命令行下进行目标匹配 3.在top file中进行目标匹配 4.在模板中进行目标匹配 |
Pillar | master | 动态 | 指定,实时生效 | 1.目标匹配 2.敏感数据配置 |