第二章：第二节数据重构1-作业

复习：在前面我们已经学习了Pandas基础，第二章我们开始进入数据分析的业务部分，在第二章第一节的内容中，我们学习了数据的清洗，这一部分十分重要，只有数据变得相对干净，我们之后对数据的分析才可以更有力。而这一节，我们要做的是数据重构，数据重构依旧属于数据理解（准备）的范围。

开始之前，导入numpy、pandas包和数据

# 导入基本库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 载入data文件中的:train-left-up.csv
text_left_up = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\hands-on-data-analysis-master\hands-on-data-analysis-master\第二章项目集合\data\train-left-up.csv")
text_left_up.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry

2 第二章：数据重构

2.4 数据的合并

2.4.1 任务一：将data文件夹里面的所有数据都载入，观察数据的之间的关系

#写入代码
text_left_down = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\hands-on-data-analysis-master\hands-on-data-analysis-master\第二章项目集合\data\train-left-down.csv")
text_right_down = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\hands-on-data-analysis-master\hands-on-data-analysis-master\第二章项目集合\data\train-right-down.csv")
text_right_up = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\hands-on-data-analysis-master\hands-on-data-analysis-master\第二章项目集合\data\train-right-up.csv")

#写入代码
text_left_down .head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	440	0	2	Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik Johannesson
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)
2	442	0	3	Hampe, Mr. Leon
3	443	0	3	Petterson, Mr. Johan Emil
4	444	1	2	Reynaldo, Ms. Encarnacion

text_right_down .head()

	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	male	31.0	0	0	C.A. 18723	10.500	NaN	S
1	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.250	NaN	S
2	male	20.0	0	0	345769	9.500	NaN	S
3	male	25.0	1	0	347076	7.775	NaN	S
4	female	28.0	0	0	230434	13.000	NaN	S

text_right_up.head()

	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

【提示】结合之前我们加载的train.csv数据，大致预测一下上面的数据是什么

2.4.2：任务二：使用concat方法：将数据train-left-up.csv和train-right-up.csv横向合并为一张表，并保存这张表为result_up

#写入代码
result_up = pd.concat([text_left_up,text_right_up],axis = 1) #0是行，1是列 
result_up

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
434	435	0	1	Silvey, Mr. William Baird	male	50.0	1	0	13507	55.9000	E44	S
435	436	1	1	Carter, Miss. Lucile Polk	female	14.0	1	2	113760	120.0000	B96 B98	S
436	437	0	3	Ford, Miss. Doolina Margaret "Daisy"	female	21.0	2	2	W./C. 6608	34.3750	NaN	S
437	438	1	2	Richards, Mrs. Sidney (Emily Hocking)	female	24.0	2	3	29106	18.7500	NaN	S
438	439	0	1	Fortune, Mr. Mark	male	64.0	1	4	19950	263.0000	C23 C25 C27	S

439 rows × 12 columns

2.4.3 任务三：使用concat方法：将train-left-down和train-right-down横向合并为一张表，并保存这张表为result_down。然后将上边的result_up和result_down纵向合并为result。

#写入代码
result_down = pd.concat([text_left_down,text_right_down],axis = 1)
result_down.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	440	0	2	Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik Johannesson	male	31.0	0	0	C.A. 18723	10.500	NaN	S
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.250	NaN	S
2	442	0	3	Hampe, Mr. Leon	male	20.0	0	0	345769	9.500	NaN	S
3	443	0	3	Petterson, Mr. Johan Emil	male	25.0	1	0	347076	7.775	NaN	S
4	444	1	2	Reynaldo, Ms. Encarnacion	female	28.0	0	0	230434	13.000	NaN	S

result = pd.concat([result_up,result_down])
result.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

2.4.4 任务四：使用DataFrame自带的方法join方法和append：完成任务二和任务三的任务

#写入代码
result_up = text_left_up.join(text_right_up)
result_down = text_left_down.join(text_right_down)
result = result_up.append(result_down)
result.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

2.4.5 任务五：使用Panads的merge方法和DataFrame的append方法：完成任务二和任务三的任务

#写入代码
result_up = pd.merge(text_left_up,text_right_up,left_index = True,right_index = True)
result_down = pd.merge(text_left_down,text_right_down,left_index = True,right_index = True)
result = result_up.append(result_down)
result.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

【思考】对比merge、join以及concat的方法的不同以及相同。思考一下在任务四和任务五的情况下，为什么都要求使用DataFrame的append方法，如何只要求使用merge或者join可不可以完成任务四和任务五呢？

2.4.6 任务六：完成的数据保存为result.csv

#写入代码
result.to_csv(r"result.csv")

2.5 换一种角度看数据

2.5.1 任务一：将我们的数据变为Series类型的数据

#写入代码
text = pd.read_csv(r"result.csv")
type(text)
result= text.stack().head(20)
result.head()

0  Unnamed: 0                           0
   PassengerId                          1
   Survived                             0
   Pclass                               3
   Name           Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
dtype: object

#写入代码
result.to_csv(r"result_new.csv")
read_text = pd.read_csv(r"result_new.csv")
read_text.head()

	Unnamed: 0	Unnamed: 1	0
0	0	Unnamed: 0	0
1	0	PassengerId	1
2	0	Survived	0
3	0	Pclass	3
4	0	Name	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris