Task3 数据重构

复习：在前面我们已经学习了Pandas基础，第二章我们开始进入数据分析的业务部分，在第二章第一节的内容中，我们学习了数据的清洗，这一部分十分重要，只有数据变得相对干净，我们之后对数据的分析才可以更有力。而这一节，我们要做的是数据重构，数据重构依旧属于数据理解（准备）的范围。

开始之前，导入numpy、pandas包和数据

# 导入基本库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import os
# 载入data文件中的:train-left-up.csv
os.getcwd()
df= pd.read_csv(r".\data\train-left-up.csv")
df.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry

2 第二章：数据重构

2.4 数据的合并

2.4.1 任务一：将data文件夹里面的所有数据都载入，观察数据的之间的关系

train_left_up= pd.read_csv(r".\data\train-left-up.csv")
train_left_down= pd.read_csv(r".\data\train-left-down.csv")

train_right_up= pd.read_csv(r".\data\train-right-up.csv")
train_right_down= pd.read_csv(r".\data\train-right-down.csv")

train_left_up.head(3)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina

train_left_down.head(3)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	440	0	2	Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik Johannesson
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)
2	442	0	3	Hampe, Mr. Leon

train_right_up.head(3)

	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

train_right_down.head(3)

	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	male	31.0	0	0	C.A. 18723	10.50	NaN	S
1	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.25	NaN	S
2	male	20.0	0	0	345769	9.50	NaN	S

【提示】结合之前我们加载的train.csv数据，大致预测一下上面的数据是什么
将一个train.csv文件上下、左右拆分为四部分

2.4.2：任务二：使用concat方法：将数据train-left-up.csv和train-right-up.csv横向合并为一张表，并保存这张表为result_up

result_up = pd.concat([train_left_up, train_right_up], axis=1)
result_up.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

2.4.3 任务三：使用concat方法：将train-left-down和train-right-down横向合并为一张表，并保存这张表为result_down。然后将上边的result_up和result_down纵向合并为result。

result_down= pd.concat([train_left_down, train_right_down], axis=1)
result_down.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	440	0	2	Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik Johannesson	male	31.0	0	0	C.A. 18723	10.500	NaN	S
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.250	NaN	S
2	442	0	3	Hampe, Mr. Leon	male	20.0	0	0	345769	9.500	NaN	S
3	443	0	3	Petterson, Mr. Johan Emil	male	25.0	1	0	347076	7.775	NaN	S
4	444	1	2	Reynaldo, Ms. Encarnacion	female	28.0	0	0	230434	13.000	NaN	S

result= pd.concat( [result_up, result_down], axis=0)
result.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

2.4.4 任务四：使用DataFrame自带的方法join方法和append：完成任务二和任务三的任务

#join 行方向 append 列方向
result_up = train_left_up.join(train_right_up)
result_down = train_left_down.join(train_right_down)
result= result_up.append(result_down)
result.head(3)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

2.4.5 任务五：使用Panads的merge方法和DataFrame的append方法：完成任务二和任务三的任务

#merge 列合并 append 行合并
result_up= pd.merge(train_left_up, train_right_up, left_index= True, right_index= True)
result_down = pd.merge(left=train_left_down, right = train_right_down, left_index= True, right_index= True)
result= result_up.append(result_down)
result.head(3)

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

【思考】对比merge、join以及concat的方法的不同以及相同。思考一下在任务四和任务五的情况下，为什么都要求使用DataFrame的append方法，如何只要求使用merge或者join可不可以完成任务四和任务五呢？

merge 用于合并行列操作，支持左联，右联，交并四种合并操作
join 用于列合并，支持左右交并四种合并方式
append 行合并

2.4.6 任务六：完成的数据保存为result.csv

result.to_csv(r'my_result.csv')

2.5 换一种角度看数据

2.5.1 任务一：将我们的数据变为Series类型的数据

result.stack().head() # stack用于将DataFram展开为列数据
#result.unstack().head() #结构改变

0  PassengerId                          1
   Survived                             0
   Pclass                               3
   Name           Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
   Sex                               male
dtype: object

复习：在前面我们已经学习了Pandas基础，第二章我们开始进入数据分析的业务部分，在第二章第一节的内容中，我们学习了数据的清洗，这一部分十分重要，只有数据变得相对干净，我们之后对数据的分析才可以更有力。而这一节，我们要做的是数据重构，数据重构依旧属于数据理解（准备）的范围。

开始之前，导入numpy、pandas包和数据

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 载入上一个任务人保存的文件中:result.csv，并查看这个文件
result= pd.read_csv('result.csv')
result.head(3)

	Unnamed: 0	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1.0	0.0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1.0	0.0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0.0	0.0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S

2.6 数据运用

2.6.1 任务一：通过教材《Python for Data Analysis》P303、Google or anything来学习了解GroupBy机制

#写入心得
df.groupby("A")
groupby过程将原有的DataFrame按照groupby的字段（"A"），划分为若干个【分组DataFrame】，然后返回一个
包含若干【分组DataFrame】的groupby对象。

2.4.2：任务二：计算泰坦尼克号男性与女性的平均票价

result.groupby('Sex')['Fare'].mean()# 对DataFrame排序，取出其中一列，求均值

Sex
female    44.479818
male      25.523893
Name: Fare, dtype: float64

result['Fare'].groupby(result['Sex']).mean()
#先取出一列，然后按照'Sex'排序，求均值

Sex
female    44.479818
male      25.523893
Name: Fare, dtype: float64

在了解GroupBy机制之后，运用这个机制完成一系列的操作，来达到我们的目的。

下面通过几个任务来熟悉GroupBy机制。

2.4.3：任务三：统计泰坦尼克号中男女的存活人数

result.groupby('Sex')['Survived'].sum()

Sex
female    233
male      109
Name: Survived, dtype: int64

result['Survived'].groupby(result['Sex']).sum()

Sex
female    233
male      109
Name: Survived, dtype: int64

2.4.4：任务四：计算客舱不同等级的存活人数

result.groupby('Pclass')['Survived'].sum()

Pclass
1    136
2     87
3    119
Name: Survived, dtype: int64

2.4.5：任务五：统计在不同等级的票中的不同年龄的船票花费的平均值

text.groupby(['Pclass','Age'])['Fare'].mean().head()

Pclass  Age  
1       0.92     151.5500
        2.00     151.5500
        4.00      81.8583
        11.00    120.0000
        14.00    120.0000
Name: Fare, dtype: float64

2.4.6：任务六：将任务二和任务三的数据合并，并保存到sex_fare_survived.csv

result = pd.merge(means,survived_sex,on='Sex')
result

	Fare	Survived
Sex
female	44.479818	233
male	25.523893	109

result.to_csv('sex_fare_survived.csv')

2.4.7：任务七：得出不同年龄的总的存活人数，然后找出存活人数的最高的年龄，最后计算存活人数最高的存活率（存活人数/总人数）

#不同年龄的存活人数
survived_age = text['Survived'].groupby(text['Age']).sum()
survived_age.head()

Age
0.42    1
0.67    1
0.75    2
0.83    2
0.92    1
Name: Survived, dtype: int64

#找出最大值的年龄段
survived_age[survived_age.values==survived_age.max()]

Age
24.0    15
Name: Survived, dtype: int64

_sum = text['Survived'].sum()
print(_sum)

342

#首先计算总人数
_sum = text['Survived'].sum()

print("sum of person:"+str(_sum))

precetn =survived_age.max()/_sum

print("最大存活率："+str(precetn))

sum of person:342
最大存活率：0.043859649122807015

参考资料

[1] hands-on-data-analysis.