Reflection

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 17:37:28 发布

Smmslience

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 17:37:28 发布

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分类专栏：笔记文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_54335246/article/details/123621379

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正常方式：引入需要的“包类”名称--->通过new实例化---->获得实例化对象

反射方式：实例化对象----->getClass()方法---->得到完整的“包类”名称、

优点：可以实现动态创建对象，灵活性

缺点：对性能有影响

java.lang.Class

java.lang.reflect.Method

java.lang.reflect.Filed

java.lang.reflect.Construtor

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //通过反射获得类的Class对象

        Class c1 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.user");
        System.out.println(c1);

        Class c2 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.user");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.user");
        Class c4 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.user");

        //一个类在一个内存中只有一个class对象
        //一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封存在class对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());

    }
}
//实体类:pojo   entity
class  user {
    private String name ;
    private  int id ;
    private  int age;

    public user() {
    }

    public user(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "user{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person  = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人的姓名是："+ person.getName());

        //1.通过对象获得
        Class c1 = person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
        //2.forname获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.Person");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        //3.通过类名.class获得
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());        
        //4.基本的内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);


    }
}
class Person{
    private String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.setName("学生");
    }
}

class Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.setName("老师");
    }
｝

public class Test05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class;//类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
        Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;//void
        Class c9 = Class.class;//Class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

    }
｝
                               类的加载与ClassLoader的理解

加载--->链接----->初始化

public class Test06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        System.out.println(A.m);
    }
}
class A{
    static {
        System.out.println("A类静态代码初始化");
        Object m;
        m = 300;
    }
    // m = 300;
    // m = 100;
    static int m = 100;
    public A(){
        System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
    }
}

1.加载到内存，会产生一个Class的对象

2.链接，链接结束后m=0

3.初始化

类的初始化

类的主动引用（一定会发生类的初始化）

类的被动引用（不会发生类的初始化）

public class Test07 {

    static {
        System.out.println("Main类被加载");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {

        //1.主动引用
        Son son = new Son();

        //反射也会产生主动引用
       // Class.forName("annotation_reflection.Son");

        //不会产生类的引用的方法
        System.out.println(Son.b);//用子类去调父类的静态方法或者静态变量并不会让子类进行加载


        //Son[] array=  new Son[5];

        System.out.println(Son.M);
        //常量在链接阶段就存入了调用类的常量池中了

    }
}


class Father {
    static  int b = 2;
    static {
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }
}

class Son extends Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("子类被加载");
        Object m;
        m = 300;
    }

    static  int m  =100;
    static  final  int  M  =1;

                                        类加载器

类加载器的作用

引导类加载器：负责java平台核心库

扩展类加载器

系统类加载器

系统类的加载器---->扩展类加载器---->根加载器（爷爷）

public class Test08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);//$AppClassLoader

        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器---->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);//$PlatformClassLoader

        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器---->根加载器（c/c++）
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);//null

        //测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.Test08").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);//$AppClassLoader

        //测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
        classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);//null

        //如何获取系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));

        //双亲委派机制(多重检测，保证安全性)
        //java.lang.String--->
    }
}
                                  创建运行时类的对象public class Test09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException,NoSuchFieldException {
        Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.user");
        //获取类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得包名+类名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名


        System.out.println("=====================================");
        //获得类的属性
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields(); //只能找到public属性
         fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//可以找到全部属性    name    id    age
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        System.out.println("======================================");
        //获得指定属性的值
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println("======================================");
        //获得类的方法
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
        for (Method method:methods) {
            System.out.println("正常的:"+method);
        }


        methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
        for (Method method: methods) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:"+method);
        }

        //获得指定方法
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null);
        Method setName  = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
        System.out.println(getName);
        System.out.println(setName);


        //获得指定的构造器
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
        for (Constructor  constructor : constructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();//获得本类的所有方法
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors){{
            System.out.println(constructor);}
        }


        //获得指定构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class,int.class);
        System.out.println("指定："+declaredConstructor);
        

    }
}

也可以通过调用Calss对象的newInstance（）的方法来创建类的对象

1.类必须要有一个无参的构造器

2.类的无参构造器访问权限要足够

//动态的创建对象，通过反射
public class Test010 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {

        //获得class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.User");

        //构造一个对象
      //User user = (User) c1.newInstance();//本质是调用类的无参构造器
        //System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器获取对象
        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        User user1 = (User) constructor.newInstance("xxx",18,18);
        System.out.println(user1);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user2 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);//（对象，“方法的值）

        //invoke:激活的意思
        setName.invoke(user2,"zmm");(对象，方法的值)
        System.out.println(user2.getName());

        //通过反射操作熟悉
        User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");//getDeclaredField获取指定属性
        System.out.println(name);//(private java.lang.String annotation_reflection.User.name)

        //不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，通过属性或者方法的setAccessible（true）
        name.setAccessible(true);//
        name.set(user3,"zmm2");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());
    }
}

setAccessible

分析性能问题

//分析性能问题
public class Test011 {
    //普通方法调用
    public static void test01(){
        User user = new User();
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            user.getName();
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("普通方式执行10亿次："+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");//3ms
    }


    //反射方法调用
    public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName",null);


        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);

        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("反射方式执行10亿次：" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");//1953ms
    }
    //反射方法调用,关闭检测
    public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName",null);
        getName.setAccessible(true);
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);

        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("关闭检测后执行10亿次：" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");//1159ms
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
        test01();
        test02();
        test03();
    }
}

反射操作泛型

generic:泛型

public class Test012 {
    
    public void test01(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list) {
        System.out.println("test01");
    }

    public Map<String, User> test02() {
        System.out.println("test02");
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        先获取方法
        Method method = Test012.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
        获取方法的参数化类型
        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();

        for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
            System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);

            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
            Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();

            for(Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments){
                System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
            }
            }
        }
        method = Test012.class.getMethod("test02");
      返回值泛型的参数类型
        Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
        
        if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
            Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();

            for(Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments){
                System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
            }
        }
    }
}

反射操作注解

ORM:

public class Test013 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("annotation_reflection.Student2");

        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }

        //通过反射获得注解得的值
        Tablezmm tablezmm = (Tablezmm) c1.getAnnotation(Tablezmm.class);
        String value = tablezmm.value();
        System.out.println(value);

        //获得类指定的注解
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        Fieldzmm annotation = name.getAnnotation(Fieldzmm.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());

    }

}
@Tablezmm("db_student")
class Student2{

    @Fieldzmm(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @Fieldzmm(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int age;
    @Fieldzmm(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 4)
    private String name;


    public Student2() {
    }

    public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student2{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablezmm{
    String value();
}

//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieldzmm{
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}

个人学习笔记，并不是很全，跟着视频自学的，可能存在错误，仅供参考。

Smmslience

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Reflection

正常方式：引入需要的“包类”名称--->通过new实例化---->获得实例化对象反射方式：实例化对象----->getClass()方法---->得到完整的“包类”名称、优点：可以实现动态创建对象，灵活性缺点：对性能有影响java.lang.Classjava.lang.reflect.Methodjava.lang.reflect.Filedjava.lang.reflect.Construtorpublic class Test0.
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