【Spring Cloud 学习笔记】Stream消息驱动

概述

屏蔽底层消息中间件的差异，降低切换成本，统一消息的编程模型


标准MQ：
生产者/消费者之间靠消息媒介传递信息内容
消息必须走特定的通道

通过定义绑定器Binder作为中间层，实现了应用程序与消息中间件细节之间的隔离
Stream中的消息通信方式遵循了发布-订阅模式

案例说明

三个子模块

服务注册中心使用Eureka

消息驱动之生产者

1、新建Module，引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lyh.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--基础配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2、配置文件

server:
  port: 8801
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-provider
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders: # 配置要绑定的rabbitmq服务信息
        defaultRabbit: # 定义的名称
          type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
          environment: # 相关环境配置
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                host: localhost
                port: 5672
                username: guest
                password: guest
      bindings: # 服务整合处理
        output:
          destination: studyExchange
          content-type: application/json # 消息类型
          binder: defaultRabbit
# eureka相关配置
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7003/eureka
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5
    instance-id: send-8801.com
    prefer-ip-address: true

3、主启动类

package com.lyh.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author martin
 * @date 2021/2/16
 **/
@SpringBootApplication
public class StreamMQMain8801 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8801.class, args);
    }
}

4、业务类

package com.lyh.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.lyh.springcloud.service.IMessageProvider;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Source;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @author martin
 * @date 2021/2/16
 **/

@EnableBinding(Source.class) // 定义消息的推送管道
@Slf4j
public class IMessageProviderImpl implements IMessageProvider {

    @Resource
    private MessageChannel output; // 消息发送管道

    @Override
    public String send() {
        String serial = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", "");
        output.send(MessageBuilder.withPayload(serial).build());
        log.info("serial: " + serial);
        return serial;
    }
}

package com.lyh.springcloud.controller;

import com.lyh.springcloud.service.IMessageProvider;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author martin
 * @date 2021/2/16
 **/

@RestController
public class SendMessageController {
    @Resource
    private IMessageProvider iMessageProvider;

    @GetMapping("/sendMessage")
    public String sendMessage() {
        return iMessageProvider.send();
    }
}

5、测试

消息驱动之消费者

1、新建Module，引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lyh.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--基础配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2、配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8802
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-consumer
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders: # 配置要绑定的rabbitmq服务信息
        defaultRabbit: # 定义的名称
          type: rabbit # 消息组件类型
          environment: # 相关环境配置
            spring:
              rabbitmq:
                host: localhost
                port: 5672
                username: guest
                password: guest
      bindings: # 服务整合处理
        input:
          destination: studyExchange
          content-type: application/json # 消息类型
          binder: defaultRabbit
# eureka相关配置
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7003/eureka
  instance:
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 2
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5
    instance-id: receive-8802.com
    prefer-ip-address: true

3、主启动类

package com.lyh.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author martin
 * @date 2021/2/16
 **/

@SpringBootApplication
public class StreamMQMain8802 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(StreamMQMain8802.class, args);
    }
}

4、业务类

package com.lyh.springcloud.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.messaging.Sink;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author martin
 * @date 2021/2/16
 **/

@Component
@Slf4j
@EnableBinding(Sink.class)
public class ReceiveMessageController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @StreamListener(Sink.INPUT)
    public void input(Message<String> message) {
        log.info("消费者\t端口号：" + serverPort + "\t接收到的消息：" + message.getPayload());
    }
}

5、测试



生产者发送消息，消费者能够接收到消息

分组消费与持久化

8801生产者发送消息，8802和8803消费者同时都收到了，存在重复消费问题

如何解决？

自定义配置分组，自定义配置分为同一个组，解决重复消费问题

原理：微服务应用放置于同一个group中，就能够保证消息只会被其中一个应用消费一次，不同的组是可以消费的，同一个组内会发生竞争关系，只有其中一个可以消费

自定义配置分组


分布式微服务应用为了实现高可用和负载均衡，实际上都会部署多个实例
多数情况下，生产者发送消息给某个具体微服务时，只希望被消费一次
为了解决重复消费的问题，在Spring Cloud Stream中提供了消费组的概念

8802/8803实现轮询分组，每次只有一个消费者，8801模块发的消息只能被8802或8803其中一个接收到，这样避免了重复消费
将8802/8803都变成相同组，即group相同

配置了分组后，服务重启依旧可以获取到以前的消息，避免了消息的丢失，实现了持久化