hibernate入门

一.什么是hibernate?
   ORM框架/持久层框架    jdbc的一个框架
   object reference mapping    对象关系映射
   通过管理对象来改变数据库中的数据
   通过管理对象来操作数据库
   
   优势:跨数据库的无缝移植

二. 如何在项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)


  1. 添加hibernate相关依赖(pom.xml)

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.zy</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-3</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>maven-3 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.driver.version>8.0.19</mysql.driver.version>
	</properties>
  <dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>maven-3</finalName>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.7.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.8</source>
					<target>1.8</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
    
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>


  2.在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)

   ①添加DTD支持
   ②添加Hibernate的配置
   ③ 数据库相关
   ④ 调试相关(show_sql|format_sql)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
	<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 5.7-->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.username">root</property> -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.password">123456</property> -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://47.100.191.44:3308/lx?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property> -->
<!-- 		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> -->
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 8.0-->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis_ssm?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8&amp;serverTimezone=GMT&amp;useSSL=true</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<!-- <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> -->

		<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 配置映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/zy/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />

		<!-- 主键生成策略 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zy/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" /> -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zy/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" /> -->

		<!-- 一对多 -->
		<mapping resource="com/zy/two/entity/Order.hbm.xml" /> 
		<mapping resource="com/zy/two/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" />
		<!-- 一对多的自关联 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zy/five/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml" /> -->

		<!-- 多对多 -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zy/five/entity/Category.hbm.xml" /> -->
<!-- 		<mapping resource="com/zy/five/entity/Book.hbm.xml" /> -->
	</session-factory>
	</hibernate-configuration>


  3.开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(user.hbm.xml)
     

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
    
    <!-- 
    name:类的全限定名
    table:类对应的表
    id标签:
      name:类属性 type:类属性对应的java类型 column:数据库类段
    property标签:
      name:类属性 type:类属性对应的java类型 column:数据库类段
     -->
   <class name="com.zy.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user">
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name">
		</property>
		<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd">
		</property>
		<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name">
		</property>
		<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
		</property>
		<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
		</property>
		<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
			type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
		</property>
		<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
		</property>
	</class>
    
    </hibernate-mapping>

三.编码7步骤:

1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模

2.获取sessionFactory工厂

3.获取session会话

4.开启事务(查询不需要)

5.session操作对象

6.提交事务(查询不需要事务)

7.关闭session

例1:查询

package com.zy.one.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class QueryDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
	 SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
	 Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	 List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
	for (Object object : list) {
		System.out.println(object );
	}
	session.close();
	}

}

 例2:增加

package com.zy.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zy.one.entity.User;

public class AddDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
	 SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
	 Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	 Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	User user=new User();
	user.setBirthday(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
	user.setCreateDatetime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
	user.setId(56);
	user.setRealName("哈哈");
	user.setRemark("武侠剧");
	user.setSex("4");
	user.setUserName("大口大口");
	user.setUserPwd("520");
	session.save(user);
	transaction.commit();
	session.close();
	}

}

②.数据库数据

 我增加的id是56而数据库的id是17的原因是:

2.hibernate的主键生成器:
   generator元素:表示了一个主键生成器,它用来为持久化类实例生成唯一的标识 。
  ①程序员自己控制:assigned(数据类型不限、保存前必须赋值)

  ② 数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长   数字,无需赋值)

       sequence(  数字,无需赋值, 默认使hibernate_sequence这个序列,
      也可以通过sequence/sequence_name参数赋值    )

  ③hibernate控制:increment uuid/uuid.hex(是由容器自动生成的一个32位的字符串,.hex代表的            是十六进制)  32位的字符串,无需赋值,

  ④ 其它:native(等于identity+sequence)

   ⑤increment( 数字,无需赋值)

3.可以去user.hbm.xml中<generator class="increment" />改为<generator class="assigned" />

  例3:修改

package com.zy.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zy.one.entity.User;

public class EditDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
	 SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
	 Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	 Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	 User user = session.get(User.class, 17);

		user.setUserName("影子");
	transaction.commit();
	session.close();
	}

}

②.数据库数据

  例4:删除

package com.zy.one.test;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.zy.one.entity.User;

public class DelDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
	 SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
	 Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	 Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	
	 User user=session.get(User.class, 16);
	 session.delete(user);
	transaction.commit();
	session.close();
	}

}

②方法二

User user=new User();
    user.setId(15);
    session.delete(user); 

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