结构体的深拷贝与浅拷贝

区分前提（结构体中有指针变量）

浅拷贝

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Foo {
    char a;
    int b;
    double c;
    char *p_d;
}foo1, foo2;

void struct_shallow_copy(void)
{
    foo2 = foo1;       //structure directly assignment
}

int main()
{
    char *d = (char *) malloc (4*sizeof(char));
    d[0] = 'b'; d[1] = 'c'; d[2] = 'd'; d[3] = '\0';

    foo1.a = 'a';
    foo1.b = 1;
    foo1.c = 3.14;
    foo1.p_d = d;

	struct_shallow_copy();
    printf("%c %d %lf %s\n", foo2.a, foo2.b, foo2.c, foo2.p_d);
    printf("%#x %#x\n", foo1.p_d, foo2.p_d);

    return 0;
}

结果：foo1与foo2的p_d都指向同一个空间，如果其中一个把其指向的内存释放了，那么另一个就会变成野指针。

深拷贝

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Foo {
    char a;
    int b;
    double c;
    char *p_d;
}foo1, foo2;

void struct_deep_copy(void)//不使用结构体整体赋值
{
    foo2.a = foo1.a;
    foo2.b = foo1.b;
    foo2.c = foo1.c;

	foo2.p_d = (char *) malloc (4*sizeof(char));
    strcpy(foo2.p_d,foo1.p_d);  //Deep copy
}

int main()
{
    char *d = (char *) malloc (4*sizeof(char));
    d[0] = 'b'; d[1] = 'c'; d[2] = 'd'; d[3] = '\0';

    foo1.a = 'a';
    foo1.b = 1;
    foo1.c = 3.14;
    foo1.p_d = d;

	struct_deep_copy();
    printf("%c %d %lf %s\n", foo2.a, foo2.b, foo2.c, foo2.p_d);
    printf("%#x %#x\n", foo1.p_d, foo2.p_d);

    return 0;
}