西北农林科技大学OJ （C++）有理数类的设计与实现(运算符重载)

Description

定义有理数类（分母不为0的分数，分子分母均为整数）CRational，实现相应运算符的重载。

（1）定义私有数据成员：分子int iUp;分母int iDown。

（2）定义私有成员函数：void Reduce()和int Gcd(int l, int r)，分别用于有理数的约简和求两个整数的最大公约数。其中，在约简时需要求取分子与分母的最大公约数。

（3）定义构造函数，在构造函数体内可调用Reduce对有理数进行约简。

（4）将非运算符!重载为公有成员函数用于判断分母是否为0。

（5）将负号-重载为公有成员函数用于求有理数的负数。

（6）将前置++、前置--、后置++、后置--重载为公有成员函数，实现有理数自增1或自减1。

（7）将+、-、*、/重载为友员函数，实现有理数的加减乘除。

（8）将<、>重载为友员函数，实现有理数的大小关系比较。

（9）重载输入流运算符<<和输出流运算符>>，分别用于有理数的输出和输入。其中，输入输出格式均为“分子/分母”，若输出为整数，则直接输出整数。

在main函数中，根据输入的分子和分母定义两个有理数对象a和b。再定义几个有理数对象分别用于表示a和b的加、减、乘、除、前置自增a、前置自减a、后置自增a、后置自减a，并依次各个对象的结果。最后依次用<、<=、>、>=比较a和b的大小关系，并依次输出比较结果（true或false）。若遇到分母为零则输出“The denominator cannot be zero!”。

int main()

{

CRational a;

CRational b;

cout << "Input rational a:" << endl;

cin >> a;

cout << "Input rational b:" << endl;

cin >> b;

if (!a && !b)

{

cout << "a+b: "<< (a+b) << endl;

cout << "a-b: "<< (a-b) << endl;

cout << "a*b: "<< (a*b) << endl;

cout << "a/b: "<< (a/b) << endl;

cout << "-a: " <<(-a) << endl;

cout << "++a: "<< (++a) << endl;

cout << "--a: "<< (--a) << endl;

cout << "a++: "<< (a++) << endl;

cout << "a--: "<< (a++) << endl;

cout << "a>b: "<< ((a>b)?"true" : "false") << endl;

cout << "a<b: "<< ((a<b)?"true" : "false") << endl;

}

return 0;

}

Input

两个有理数a和b

Output

有理数a和b的加、减、乘、除以及前置自增a、前置自减a、后置自增a、后置自减a、有理数a和b比较大小的结果

Sample Input 1 

1/3
2/0

Sample Output 1

Input rational a: 
Input rational b: 
The denominator cannot be zero!

Sample Input 2 

4/3
3/2

Sample Output 2

Input rational a: 
Input rational b: 
a+b: 17/6
a-b: -1/6
a*b: 2
a/b: 8/9
-a: -4/3
++a: 7/3
--a: 4/3
a++: 4/3
a--: 7/3
a>b: true
a<b: false

Sample Input 3 

5/8
0/1

Sample Output 3

Input rational a: 
Input rational b: 
a+b: 5/8
a-b: 5/8
a*b: 0
a/b: The denominator cannot be zero!
5/0
-a: -5/8
++a: 13/8
--a: 5/8
a++: 5/8
a--: 13/8
a>b: true
a<b: false

Sample Input 4 

-3/4
-8/3

Sample Output 4

Input rational a: 
Input rational b: 
a+b: -41/12
a-b: 23/12
a*b: 2
a/b: 9/32
-a: 3/4
++a: 1/4
--a: -3/4
a++: -3/4
a--: 1/4
a>b: true
a<b: false

Sample Input 5 

16/24
32/496

Sample Output 5

Input rational a: 
Input rational b: 
a+b: 68/93
a-b: 56/93
a*b: 4/93
a/b: 31/3
-a: -2/3
++a: 5/3
--a: 2/3
a++: 2/3
a--: 5/3
a>b: true
a<b: false

**************************************************************************************************************

代码实现

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
class Rational
{
    int zi;
    int mu;
    int gcd(int a, int b) {
        while (b != 0) {
            int temp = b;
            b = a % b;
            a = temp;
        }
        return a;
    }
    void simple()
    {
        if (mu == 0)
        {
            cout << "The denominator cannot be zero!" << endl;
        }
        else {

            int x = gcd((zi), (mu));
            zi /= x;
            mu /= x;
        }
    }
public:
    Rational() :zi(0), mu(1) {}
    Rational(int z, int m) :zi(z), mu(m)
    {
        simple();
    }
    friend Rational operator+ (const Rational& a, const Rational& b);
    friend Rational operator- (const Rational& a, const Rational& b);
    friend Rational operator* (const Rational& a, const Rational& b);
    friend Rational operator/ (const Rational& a, const Rational& b);

    double transfor() {
        double a = (double)zi / mu;
        return a;
    }
    friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Rational& a);
    friend istream& operator >> (istream& myin, Rational& a);
    friend bool operator>(const Rational& a, const Rational& b);
    friend bool operator<(const Rational& a, const Rational& b);
    Rational& operator++()
    {
        zi += mu;
        simple();
        return *this;
    }
    Rational operator++(int)
    {
        Rational temp;
        temp = *this;
        zi += mu;
        simple();
        return temp;
    }
    Rational& operator--()
    {
        zi -= mu;
        simple();
        return *this;
    }
    Rational operator--(int)
    {
        Rational temp = *this;
        zi -= mu;
        simple();
        return temp;
    }
    bool operator!()
    {
        return mu != 0;
    }
    Rational operator-()
    {
        Rational a(-zi, mu);

        return a;

    }
};
Rational operator+ (const Rational& a, const Rational& b) {

    int d = a.mu * b.mu;
    int e = a.zi * b.mu + a.mu * b.zi;
    Rational c(e, d);
    return c;
}
Rational operator- (const Rational& a, const Rational& b)
{

    int z = a.zi * b.mu - b.zi * a.mu;
    int m = a.mu * b.mu;
    Rational c(z, m);
    return c;
}
Rational operator* (const Rational& a, const Rational& b)
{
    int z = a.zi * b.zi;
    int m = a.mu * b.mu;
    Rational c(z, m);
    return c;

}
Rational operator/ (const Rational& a, const Rational& b)
{
    int z = a.zi * b.mu;
    int m = a.mu * b.zi;
    Rational c(z, m);
    return c;

}
ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Rational& a)
{
    if (abs(a.mu) == 1) {
        cout << a.zi / a.mu ;
        return out;
    }
    if (a.zi * a.mu < 0) {
        cout << "-" << abs(a.zi) << "/" << abs(a.mu) ;
        return out;
    }
    else {
        cout << a.zi << "/" << a.mu ;
        return out;
    }
}
istream& operator >> (istream& myin, Rational& a)
{
    char ch;
    cin >> a.zi >> ch >> a.mu;
    if (a.mu == 0)
    {
        cout << "The denominator cannot be zero!" << endl;

    }
    return myin;
}
bool operator>(const Rational& a, const Rational& b)
{
    double x = (double)a.zi / a.mu;
    double y = (double)b.zi / b.mu;
    return x > y;
}
bool operator<(const Rational& a, const Rational& b)
{
    double x = (double)a.zi / a.mu;
    double y = (double)b.zi / b.mu;
    return x < y;
}


int main()

{

    Rational a;

    Rational b;

    cout << "Input rational a: " << endl;

    cin >> a;

    cout << "Input rational b: " << endl;

    cin >> b;

    if (!a && !b)

    {

        cout << "a+b: " << (a + b) << endl;

        cout << "a-b: " << (a - b) << endl;

        cout << "a*b: " << (a * b) << endl;

        cout << "a/b: ";
        cout << (a / b) << endl;

        cout << "-a: " << (-a) << endl;

        cout << "++a: " << (++a) << endl;

        cout << "--a: " << (--a) << endl;

        cout << "a++: " << (a++) << endl;

        cout << "a--: " << (a++) << endl;

        cout << "a>b: " << ((a > b) ? "true" : "false") << endl;

        cout << "a<b: " << ((a < b) ? "true" : "false") << endl;

    }

    return 0;
}