西北农林科技大学OJ （C++）形状类的设计与实现(虚函数与抽象类)

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 12:39:48 发布

拾荒迷路人

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 12:39:48 发布

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文章标签： c++ 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_55060797/article/details/139998905

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Description

定义表示形状的抽象类及相应派生类，并实现相关操作符重载。

（1）定义表示形状的抽象类CShape：

添加double型保护数据成员：rectWidth和rectHeight，分别表示派生类形状对应外接矩形的宽度和高度；

添加公有成员函数void Show()，用于显示形状的宽度、高度和面积，输出格式为“W =宽度, H =高度, Area =面积”；

添加公有成员函数double Area()，用于计算形状面积，该函数定义为纯虚函数；

定义虚的析构函数；

重载比较操作符：==、>和<，用于比较两个形状面积的大小关系，返回值类型为bool，可以定义为成员函数或友元函数。

（2）从形状类CShape派生矩形类CRectangle：

定义带参构造函数；

重定义公有成员函数Area，计算矩形面积= rectWidth*rectHeight。

（3）从形状类CShape派生椭圆类CEllipse：

定义常静态数据成员PI并初始化为3.1416；

定义带参构造函数；

重定义公有成员函数Area，计算椭圆面积=PI*rectWidth*rectHeight/4.0。

（4）从形状类CShape派生菱形类CDiamond：

定义带参构造函数；

重定义公有成员函数Area，计算菱形面积=rectWidth*rectHeight/2.0。

在main函数中，首先根据输入的整数创建相应大小的CShape对象指针数组，再根据输入的对象类型和外接矩形的宽高动态创建相应类型对象，并关联到对象指针数组，输入信息格式如下：

3 //对象指针数组的元素个数

R 23 17 //对象类型、形状宽度、形状高度，R表示矩形对象

E 89 25 //对象类型、形状宽度、形状高度，E表示椭圆对象

D 17 29 //对象类型、形状宽度、形状高度，D表示菱形对象

接着通过调用Show成员函数输出所有对象信息。

然后输出面积相等的形状对象的信息（要求使用重载的运算符“==”来判断对象的面积是否相等），输出格式如下：

Area of Shape[i](形状类型) isequal to Shape[j](形状类型)

最后将所有形状对象按面积从大到小排序（要求使用重载的运算符“>”来判断对象的面积大小关系），并输出排序后的对象信息。

main函数参考测试代码如下：

int main()
{
    int num;
    int i, j;

    vector <CShape *> sarr;
    string str;
    double w, h;

    cin >> num;
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        cin >> str >> w >> h;
        if (str == "R")
        {
            sarr.push_back(new CRectangle(w, h));
        }
        else if (str == "E")
        {
            sarr.push_back(new CEllipse(w, h));
        }
        else if (str == "D")
        {
            sarr.push_back(new CDiamond(w, h));
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "Input error!" << endl;
        }
    }

    num = sarr.size();

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        sarr[i]->Show();
    }

    for (i = 0; i < num - 1; i++)
    {
        for (j = i+1; j < num; j++)
        {
            if ((*sarr[i]) == (*sarr[j]))
            {
                cout << "Area of Shape[" << i << "]" << GetType(sarr[i]) << " is equal to Shape[" << j << "]" << GetType(sarr[j]) << endl;
            }
        }
    }

    sort(sarr.begin(), sarr.end(), compare);

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        sarr[i]->Show();
    }

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
    {
        delete sarr[i];
    }

    return 0;
}

Input

对象数目

对象类型对象外接矩形宽度对象外接矩形高度

Output

排序前的对象信息

面积相等的对象信息

排序后的对象信息

Sample Input 1

Sample Output 1

W = 23, H = 17, Area = 391
W = 89, H = 25, Area = 2225
W = 17, H = 23, Area = 391
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 29, H = 17, Area = 387.202
W = 89, H = 75, Area = 5242.55
W = 17, H = 29, Area = 387.202
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391
Area of Shape[0](rectangle) is equal to Shape[2](rectangle)
Area of Shape[0](rectangle) is equal to Shape[7](diamond)
Area of Shape[2](rectangle) is equal to Shape[7](diamond)
Area of Shape[4](ellipse) is equal to Shape[6](ellipse)
W = 89, H = 75, Area = 5242.55
W = 89, H = 25, Area = 2225
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 23, H = 17, Area = 391
W = 17, H = 23, Area = 391
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391
W = 29, H = 17, Area = 387.202
W = 17, H = 29, Area = 387.202

Sample Input 2

Sample Output 2

W = 14.5, H = 32, Area = 464
W = 6, H = 1309, Area = 7854
W = 45, H = 32, Area = 1130.98
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 25, H = 44, Area = 1100
W = 60, H = 42.5, Area = 2002.77
W = 100, H = 100, Area = 7854
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391
W = 32, H = 61.4, Area = 982.4
W = 44, H = 50, Area = 1100
Area of Shape[1](rectangle) is equal to Shape[6](ellipse)
Area of Shape[4](rectangle) is equal to Shape[9](diamond)
W = 6, H = 1309, Area = 7854
W = 100, H = 100, Area = 7854
W = 60, H = 42.5, Area = 2002.77
W = 45, H = 32, Area = 1130.98
W = 25, H = 44, Area = 1100
W = 44, H = 50, Area = 1100
W = 25, H = 81, Area = 1012.5
W = 32, H = 61.4, Area = 982.4
W = 14.5, H = 32, Area = 464
W = 23, H = 34, Area = 391

**************************************************************************************************************

代码实现

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class CShape {
protected:
    double rectWidth;
    double rectHeight;
public:
    void Show() {

        cout << "W = " << rectWidth << ", " << "H = " << rectHeight << ", Area = " << Area()<< endl;
    }
    virtual double Area() = 0;
    bool operator==(CShape& s)
    {
        return Area() == s.Area();
    }
    bool operator>(CShape& s)
    {
        return Area() > s.Area();
    }
    bool operator<(CShape& s)
    {
        return Area() < s.Area();
    }

    virtual string GetType() = 0;
    virtual ~CShape() {};

};

class CRectangle : virtual public CShape {
public:
    CRectangle(double x, double y) {
        rectWidth = x;
        rectHeight = y;
    }
   
    double Area() {

        return rectHeight * rectWidth;
    }
    string GetType() {
        return "(rectangle)";
    }
};

class CEllipse : virtual public CShape {
public:
    static const double PI;
    CEllipse(double x, double y) {
        rectWidth = x;
        rectHeight = y;
    }
    
    double Area() {

        return rectHeight * rectWidth * PI / 4.0;
    }
    string GetType() {
        return "(ellipse)";
    }
};
const double CEllipse::PI = 3.1416;

class CDiamond : virtual public CShape {
public:
    CDiamond(double x, double y) {
        rectWidth = x;
        rectHeight = y;
    }
   
    double Area() {

        return rectWidth * rectHeight / 2.0;
    }
    string GetType() {
        return "(diamond)";
    }
};

bool compare(CShape* a, CShape* b) {
    // 按照面积从小到大排序
    return *a > *b;
}

int main() {
    int num;
    int i, j;

    vector <CShape*> sarr;
    string str;
    double w, h;

    cin >> num;
    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        cin >> str >> w >> h;
        if (str == "R") {
            sarr.push_back(new CRectangle(w, h));
        }
        else if (str == "E") {
            sarr.push_back(new CEllipse(w, h));
        }
        else if (str == "D") {
            sarr.push_back(new CDiamond(w, h));
        }
        else {
            cout << "Input error!" << endl;
        }
    }

    num = sarr.size();

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        sarr[i]->Show();
    }

    for (i = 0; i < num - 1; i++) {
        for (j = i + 1; j < num; j++) {
            if ((*sarr[i]) == (*sarr[j])) {
                cout << "Area of Shape[" << i << "]" << sarr[i]->GetType() << " is equal to Shape[" << j << "]" << sarr[j]->GetType() <<
                    endl;
            }
        }
    }

    sort(sarr.begin(), sarr.end(), compare);

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        sarr[i]->Show();
    }

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        delete sarr[i];
    }

    return 0;

}